# tzdb data for Australasia and environs, and for much of the Pacific # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. # This file also includes Pacific islands. # Notes are at the end of this file ############################################################################### # Australia # Please see the notes below for the controversy about "EST" versus "AEST" etc. # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Aus 1917 only - Jan 1 2:00s 1:00 D Rule Aus 1917 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S Rule Aus 1942 only - Jan 1 2:00s 1:00 D Rule Aus 1942 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S Rule Aus 1942 only - Sep 27 2:00s 1:00 D Rule Aus 1943 1944 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S Rule Aus 1943 only - Oct 3 2:00s 1:00 D # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] # Northern Territory Zone Australia/Darwin 8:43:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 9:00 - ACST 1899 May 9:30 Aus AC%sT # Western Australia # # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S Rule AW 1991 only - Nov 17 2:00s 1:00 D Rule AW 1992 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S Rule AW 2006 only - Dec 3 2:00s 1:00 D Rule AW 2007 2009 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S Rule AW 2007 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D Zone Australia/Perth 7:43:24 - LMT 1895 Dec 8:00 Aus AW%sT 1943 Jul 8:00 AW AW%sT Zone Australia/Eucla 8:35:28 - LMT 1895 Dec 8:45 Aus %z 1943 Jul 8:45 AW %z # Queensland # # From Alex Livingston (1996-11-01): # I have heard or read more than once that some resort islands off the coast # of Queensland chose to keep observing daylight-saving time even after # Queensland ceased to. # # From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): # IATA SSIM (1993-02/1994-09) say that the Holiday Islands (Hayman, Lindeman, # Hamilton) observed DST for two years after the rest of Queensland stopped. # Hamilton is the largest, but there is also a Hamilton in Victoria, # so use Lindeman. # # From J William Piggott (2016-02-20): # There is no location named Holiday Islands in Queensland Australia; holiday # islands is a colloquial term used globally. Hayman and Lindeman are at the # north and south extremes of the Whitsunday Islands archipelago, and # Hamilton is in between; it is reasonable to believe that this time zone # applies to all of the Whitsundays. # http://www.australia.gov.au/about-australia/australian-story/austn-islands # # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S Rule AQ 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D Rule AQ 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S Rule Holiday 1992 1993 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D Rule Holiday 1993 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S Zone Australia/Brisbane 10:12:08 - LMT 1895 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 10:00 AQ AE%sT Zone Australia/Lindeman 9:55:56 - LMT 1895 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 10:00 AQ AE%sT 1992 Jul 10:00 Holiday AE%sT # South Australia # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule AS 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D Rule AS 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 D Rule AS 1987 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D Rule AS 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 S Rule AS 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S Rule AS 1991 only - Mar 3 2:00s 0 S Rule AS 1992 only - Mar 22 2:00s 0 S Rule AS 1993 only - Mar 7 2:00s 0 S Rule AS 1994 only - Mar 20 2:00s 0 S Rule AS 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S Rule AS 2006 only - Apr 2 2:00s 0 S Rule AS 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S Rule AS 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S Rule AS 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Australia/Adelaide 9:14:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 9:00 - ACST 1899 May 9:30 Aus AC%sT 1971 9:30 AS AC%sT # Tasmania # # From Paul Eggert (2005-08-16): # http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml # says King Island didn't observe DST from WWII until late 1971. # # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule AT 1916 only - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D Rule AT 1917 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S Rule AT 1917 1918 - Oct Sun>=22 2:00s 1:00 D Rule AT 1918 1919 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S Rule AT 1967 only - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D Rule AT 1968 only - Mar Sun>=29 2:00s 0 S Rule AT 1968 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D Rule AT 1969 1971 - Mar Sun>=8 2:00s 0 S Rule AT 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S Rule AT 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S Rule AT 1982 1983 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S Rule AT 1984 1986 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S Rule AT 1986 only - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 D Rule AT 1987 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S Rule AT 1987 only - Oct Sun>=22 2:00s 1:00 D Rule AT 1988 1990 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D Rule AT 1991 1999 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D Rule AT 1991 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S Rule AT 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D Rule AT 2001 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D Rule AT 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S Rule AT 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S Rule AT 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Australia/Hobart 9:49:16 - LMT 1895 Sep 10:00 AT AE%sT 1919 Oct 24 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1967 10:00 AT AE%sT # Victoria # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule AV 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D Rule AV 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S Rule AV 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S Rule AV 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S Rule AV 1986 1987 - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 D Rule AV 1988 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D Rule AV 1991 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S Rule AV 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S Rule AV 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D Rule AV 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D Rule AV 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S Rule AV 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S Rule AV 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S Rule AV 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Australia/Melbourne 9:39:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 10:00 AV AE%sT # New South Wales # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule AN 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D Rule AN 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 S Rule AN 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S Rule AN 1982 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S Rule AN 1983 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S Rule AN 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S Rule AN 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 D Rule AN 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D Rule AN 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S Rule AN 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S Rule AN 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D Rule AN 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D Rule AN 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S Rule AN 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S Rule AN 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S Rule AN 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Australia/Sydney 10:04:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 10:00 AN AE%sT Zone Australia/Broken_Hill 9:25:48 - LMT 1895 Feb 10:00 - AEST 1896 Aug 23 9:00 - ACST 1899 May 9:30 Aus AC%sT 1971 9:30 AN AC%sT 2000 9:30 AS AC%sT # Lord Howe Island # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule LH 1981 1984 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 - Rule LH 1982 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 - Rule LH 1985 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - Rule LH 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 - Rule LH 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00 0:30 - Rule LH 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - Rule LH 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 - Rule LH 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - Rule LH 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00 0:30 - Rule LH 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - Rule LH 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 - Rule LH 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - Rule LH 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 - Rule LH 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0:30 - Zone Australia/Lord_Howe 10:36:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 10:00 - AEST 1981 Mar 10:30 LH %z 1985 Jul 10:30 LH %z # Australian miscellany # # Ashmore Is, Cartier # no indigenous inhabitants; only seasonal caretakers # no times are set # # Coral Sea Is # no indigenous inhabitants; only meteorologists # no times are set # # Macquarie # Permanent occupation (scientific station) 1911-1915 and since 25 March 1948; # sealing and penguin oil station operated Nov 1899 to Apr 1919. See the # Tasmania Parks & Wildlife Service history of sealing at Macquarie Island # http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/index.aspx?base=1828 # http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/index.aspx?base=1831 # Guess that it was like Australia/Hobart while inhabited before 2010. # # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-10): # We got these changes from the Australian Antarctic Division: # - Macquarie Island will stay on UTC+11 for winter and therefore not # switch back from daylight savings time when other parts of Australia do # on 4 April. # # From Arthur David Olson (2013-05-23): # The 1919 transition is overspecified below so pre-2013 zics # will produce a binary file with an [A]EST-type as the first 32-bit type; # this is required for correct handling of times before 1916 by # pre-2013 versions of localtime. Zone Antarctica/Macquarie 0 - -00 1899 Nov 10:00 - AEST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 10:00 1:00 AEDT 1917 Feb 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1919 Apr 1 0:00s 0 - -00 1948 Mar 25 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1967 10:00 AT AE%sT 2010 10:00 1:00 AEDT 2011 10:00 AT AE%sT # Fiji # Milne gives 11:55:44 for Suva. # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-11-10): # According to Fiji Broadcasting Corporation, Fiji plans to re-introduce DST # from November 29th 2009 to April 25th 2010. # # "Daylight savings to commence this month" # http://www.radiofiji.com.fj/fullstory.php?id=23719 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji01.html # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-11-10): # The Fiji Government has posted some more details about the approved # amendments: # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/publish/page_16198.shtml # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-03): # The Cabinet in Fiji has decided to end DST about a month early, on # 2010-03-28 at 03:00. # The plan is to observe DST again, from 2010-10-24 to sometime in March # 2011 (last Sunday a good guess?). # # Official source: # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1096:3310-cabinet-approves-change-in-daylight-savings-dates&catid=49:cabinet-releases&Itemid=166 # # A bit more background info here: # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/fiji-dst-ends-march-2010.html # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-10-24): # According to Radio Fiji and Fiji Times online, Fiji will end DST 3 # weeks earlier than expected - on March 6, 2011, not March 27, 2011... # Here is confirmation from Government of the Republic of the Fiji Islands, # Ministry of Information (fiji.gov.fj) web site: # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2608:daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji04.html # From Steffen Thorsen (2011-10-03): # Now the dates have been confirmed, and at least our start date # assumption was correct (end date was one week wrong). # # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4966:daylight-saving-starts-in-fiji&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 # which says # Members of the public are reminded to change their time to one hour in # advance at 2am to 3am on October 23, 2011 and one hour back at 3am to # 2am on February 26 next year. # From Ken Rylander (2011-10-24) # Another change to the Fiji DST end date. In the TZ database the end date for # Fiji DST 2012, is currently Feb 26. This has been changed to Jan 22. # # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=5017:amendments-to-daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 # states: # # The end of daylight saving scheduled initially for the 26th of February 2012 # has been brought forward to the 22nd of January 2012. # The commencement of daylight saving will remain unchanged and start # on the 23rd of October, 2011. # From the Fiji Government Online Portal (2012-08-21) via Steffen Thorsen: # The Minister for Labour, Industrial Relations and Employment Mr Jone Usamate # today confirmed that Fiji will start daylight savings at 2 am on Sunday 21st # October 2012 and end at 3 am on Sunday 20th January 2013. # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=6702&catid=71&Itemid=155 # From the Fijian Government Media Center (2013-08-30) via David Wheeler: # Fiji will start daylight savings on Sunday 27th October, 2013 ... # move clocks forward by one hour from 2am # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVING-STARTS-ON-SUNDAY,-27th-OCTOBER-201.aspx # From Steffen Thorsen (2013-01-10): # Fiji will end DST on 2014-01-19 02:00: # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVINGS-TO-END-THIS-MONTH-(1).aspx # From Ken Rylander (2014-10-20): # DST will start Nov. 2 this year. # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVING-STARTS-ON-SUNDAY,-NOVEMBER-2ND.aspx # From a government order dated 2015-08-26 and published as Legal Notice No. 77 # in the Government of Fiji Gazette Supplement No. 24 (2015-08-28), # via Ken Rylander (2015-09-02): # the daylight saving period is 1 hour in advance of the standard time # commencing at 2.00 am on Sunday 1st November, 2015 and ending at # 3.00 am on Sunday 17th January, 2016. # From Raymond Kumar (2016-10-04): # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVING-STARTS-ON-6th-NOVEMBER,-2016.aspx # "Fiji's daylight savings will begin on Sunday, 6 November 2016, when # clocks go forward an hour at 2am to 3am.... Daylight Saving will # end at 3.00am on Sunday 15th January 2017." # From Paul Eggert (2017-08-21): # Dominic Fok writes (2017-08-20) that DST ends 2018-01-14, citing # Extraordinary Government of Fiji Gazette Supplement No. 21 (2017-08-27), # [Legal Notice No. 41] of an order of the previous day by J Usamate. # From Raymond Kumar (2018-07-13): # http://www.fijitimes.com/government-approves-2018-daylight-saving/ # ... The daylight saving period will end at 3am on Sunday January 13, 2019. # From Paul Eggert (2019-08-06): # Today Raymond Kumar reported the Government of Fiji Gazette Supplement No. 27 # (2019-08-02) said that Fiji observes DST "commencing at 2.00 am on # Sunday, 10 November 2019 and ending at 3.00 am on Sunday, 12 January 2020." # For now, guess DST from 02:00 the second Sunday in November to 03:00 # the first Sunday on or after January 12. January transitions reportedly # depend on when school terms start. Although the guess is ad hoc, it matches # transitions planned this year and seems more likely to match future practice # than guessing no DST. # From Michael Deckers (2019-08-06): # https://www.laws.gov.fj/LawsAsMade/downloadfile/848 # From Raymond Kumar (2020-10-08): # [DST in Fiji] is from December 20th 2020, till 17th January 2021. # From Alan Mintz (2020-10-08): # https://www.laws.gov.fj/LawsAsMade/GetFile/1071 # From Tim Parenti (2020-10-08): # https://www.fijivillage.com/news/Daylight-saving-from-Dec-20th-this-year-to-Jan-17th-2021-8rf4x5/ # "Minister for Employment, Parveen Bala says they had never thought of # stopping daylight saving. He says it was just to decide on when it should # start and end. Bala says it is a short period..." # # From Tim Parenti (2021-10-11), per Jashneel Kumar (2021-10-11) and P Chan # (2021-10-12): # https://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Centre/Speeches/English/PM-BAINIMARAMA-S-COVID-19-ANNOUNCEMENT-10-10-21 # https://www.fbcnews.com.fj/news/covid-19/curfew-moved-back-to-11pm/ # In a 2021-10-10 speech concerning updated Covid-19 mitigation measures in # Fiji, prime minister Josaia Voreqe "Frank" Bainimarama announced the # suspension of DST for the 2021/2022 season: "Given that we are in the process # of readjusting in the midst of so many changes, we will also put Daylight # Savings Time on hold for this year. It will also make the reopening of # scheduled commercial air service much smoother if we don't have to be # concerned shifting arrival and departure times, which may look like a simple # thing but requires some significant logistical adjustments domestically and # internationally." # From Shalvin Narayan (2022-10-27): # Please note that there will not be any daylight savings time change # in Fiji for 2022-2023.... # https://www.facebook.com/FijianGovernment/posts/pfbid0mmWVTYmTibn66ybpFda75pDcf34SSpoSaskJW5gXwaKo5Sgc7273Q4fXWc6kQV6Hl # From Almaz Mingaleev (2023-10-06): # Cabinet approved the suspension of Daylight Saving and appropriate # legislative changes will be considered including the repeal of the # Daylight Saving Act 1998 # https://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Centre/Speeches/English/CABINET-DECISIONS-3-OCTOBER-2023 # # From Paul Eggert (2023-10-06): # For now, assume DST is suspended indefinitely. # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Fiji 1998 1999 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 - Rule Fiji 1999 2000 - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 - Rule Fiji 2009 only - Nov 29 2:00 1:00 - Rule Fiji 2010 only - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 - Rule Fiji 2010 2013 - Oct Sun>=21 2:00 1:00 - Rule Fiji 2011 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 - Rule Fiji 2012 2013 - Jan Sun>=18 3:00 0 - Rule Fiji 2014 only - Jan Sun>=18 2:00 0 - Rule Fiji 2014 2018 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 - Rule Fiji 2015 2021 - Jan Sun>=12 3:00 0 - Rule Fiji 2019 only - Nov Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 - Rule Fiji 2020 only - Dec 20 2:00 1:00 - # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Pacific/Fiji 11:55:44 - LMT 1915 Oct 26 # Suva 12:00 Fiji %z # French Polynesia # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Pacific/Gambier -8:59:48 - LMT 1912 Oct 1 # Rikitea -9:00 - %z Zone Pacific/Marquesas -9:18:00 - LMT 1912 Oct 1 -9:30 - %z Zone Pacific/Tahiti -9:58:16 - LMT 1912 Oct 1 # Papeete -10:00 - %z # Clipperton (near North America) is administered from French Polynesia; # it is uninhabited. # Guam # N Mariana Is # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S # http://guamlegislature.com/Public_Laws_5th/PL05-025.pdf # http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-59-7-Guam-Daylight-Savings-Time-May-6-1959.pdf Rule Guam 1959 only - Jun 27 2:00 1:00 D # http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-61-5-Revocation-of-Daylight-Saving-Time-and-Restoratio.pdf Rule Guam 1961 only - Jan 29 2:00 0 S # http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-67-13-Guam-Daylight-Savings-Time.pdf Rule Guam 1967 only - Sep 1 2:00 1:00 D # http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-69-2-Repeal-of-Guam-Daylight-Saving-Time.pdf Rule Guam 1969 only - Jan 26 0:01 0 S # http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-69-10-Guam-Daylight-Saving-Time.pdf Rule Guam 1969 only - Jun 22 2:00 1:00 D Rule Guam 1969 only - Aug 31 2:00 0 S # http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-70-10-Guam-Daylight-Saving-Time.pdf # http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-70-30-End-of-Guam-Daylight-Saving-Time.pdf # http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-71-5-Guam-Daylight-Savings-Time.pdf Rule Guam 1970 1971 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D Rule Guam 1970 1971 - Sep Sun>=1 2:00 0 S # http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-73-28.-Guam-Day-light-Saving-Time.pdf Rule Guam 1973 only - Dec 16 2:00 1:00 D # http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-74-7-Guam-Daylight-Savings-Time-Rescinded.pdf Rule Guam 1974 only - Feb 24 2:00 0 S # http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-76-13-Daylight-Savings-Time.pdf Rule Guam 1976 only - May 26 2:00 1:00 D # http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-76-25-Revocation-of-E.O.-76-13.pdf Rule Guam 1976 only - Aug 22 2:01 0 S # http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-77-4-Daylight-Savings-Time.pdf Rule Guam 1977 only - Apr 24 2:00 1:00 D # http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-77-18-Guam-Standard-Time.pdf Rule Guam 1977 only - Aug 28 2:00 0 S # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Pacific/Guam -14:21:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 9:39:00 - LMT 1901 # Agana 10:00 - GST 1941 Dec 10 # Guam 9:00 - %z 1944 Jul 31 10:00 Guam G%sT 2000 Dec 23 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time # Kiribati (Gilbert Is) # Marshall Is # Tuvalu # Wake # Wallis & Futuna # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Pacific/Tarawa 11:32:04 - LMT 1901 # Bairiki 12:00 - %z # Kiribati (except Gilbert Is) # See Pacific/Tarawa for the Gilbert Is. # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Pacific/Kanton 0 - -00 1937 Aug 31 -12:00 - %z 1979 Oct -11:00 - %z 1994 Dec 31 13:00 - %z Zone Pacific/Kiritimati -10:29:20 - LMT 1901 -10:40 - %z 1979 Oct -10:00 - %z 1994 Dec 31 14:00 - %z # Marshall Is # See Pacific/Tarawa for most locations. # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Pacific/Kwajalein 11:09:20 - LMT 1901 11:00 - %z 1937 10:00 - %z 1941 Apr 1 9:00 - %z 1944 Feb 6 11:00 - %z 1969 Oct -12:00 - %z 1993 Aug 20 24:00 12:00 - %z # Micronesia # For Chuuk and Yap see Pacific/Port_Moresby. # For Pohnpei see Pacific/Guadalcanal. # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Pacific/Kosrae -13:08:04 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 10:51:56 - LMT 1901 11:00 - %z 1914 Oct 9:00 - %z 1919 Feb 1 11:00 - %z 1937 10:00 - %z 1941 Apr 1 9:00 - %z 1945 Aug 11:00 - %z 1969 Oct 12:00 - %z 1999 11:00 - %z # Nauru # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Pacific/Nauru 11:07:40 - LMT 1921 Jan 15 # Uaobe 11:30 - %z 1942 Aug 29 9:00 - %z 1945 Sep 8 11:30 - %z 1979 Feb 10 2:00 12:00 - %z # New Caledonia # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule NC 1977 1978 - Dec Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 - Rule NC 1978 1979 - Feb 27 0:00 0 - Rule NC 1996 only - Dec 1 2:00s 1:00 - # Shanks & Pottenger say the following was at 2:00; go with IATA. Rule NC 1997 only - Mar 2 2:00s 0 - # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Pacific/Noumea 11:05:48 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Nouméa 11:00 NC %z ############################################################################### # New Zealand # McMurdo Station and Scott Base in Antarctica use Auckland time. # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule NZ 1927 only - Nov 6 2:00 1:00 S Rule NZ 1928 only - Mar 4 2:00 0 M Rule NZ 1928 1933 - Oct Sun>=8 2:00 0:30 S Rule NZ 1929 1933 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 M Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Apr lastSun 2:00 0 M Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0:30 S Rule NZ 1946 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 S # Since 1957 Chatham has been 45 minutes ahead of NZ, but until 2018a # there was no documented single notation for the date and time of this # transition. Duplicate the Rule lines for now, to give the 2018a change # time to percolate out. Rule NZ 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D Rule Chatham 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 - Rule NZ 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S Rule Chatham 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:45s 0 - Rule NZ 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D Rule Chatham 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:45s 1:00 - Rule NZ 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S Rule Chatham 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:45s 0 - Rule NZ 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:00s 1:00 D Rule Chatham 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:45s 1:00 - Rule NZ 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D Rule Chatham 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 - Rule NZ 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S Rule Chatham 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:45s 0 - Rule NZ 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D Rule Chatham 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:45s 1:00 - Rule NZ 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S Rule Chatham 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:45s 0 - # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Pacific/Auckland 11:39:04 - LMT 1868 Nov 2 11:30 NZ NZ%sT 1946 Jan 1 12:00 NZ NZ%sT Zone Pacific/Chatham 12:13:48 - LMT 1868 Nov 2 12:15 - %z 1946 Jan 1 12:45 Chatham %z # Auckland Is # uninhabited; Māori and Moriori, colonial settlers, pastoralists, sealers, # and scientific personnel have wintered # Campbell I # minor whaling stations operated 1909/1914 # scientific station operated 1941/1995; # previously whalers, sealers, pastoralists, and scientific personnel wintered # was probably like Pacific/Auckland # Cook Is # # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2021-03-24): # In 1899 the Cook Islands celebrated Christmas twice to correct the calendar. # According to the old books, missionaries were unaware of # the International Date line, when they came from Sydney. # Thus the Cook Islands were one day ahead.... # http://nzetc.victoria.ac.nz/tm/scholarly/tei-KloDisc-t1-body-d18.html # ... Appendix to the Journals of the House of Representatives, 1900 # https://atojs.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/atojs?a=d&d=AJHR1900-I.2.1.2.3 # (page 20) # # From Michael Deckers (2021-03-24): # ... in the Cook Island Act of 1915-10-11, online at # http://www.paclii.org/ck/legis/ck-nz_act/cia1915132/ # "651. The hour of the day shall in each of the islands included in the # Cook Islands be determined in accordance with the meridian of that island." # so that local (mean?) time was still used in Rarotonga (and Niue) in 1915. # This was changed in the Cook Island Amendment Act of 1952-10-16 ... # http://www.paclii.org/ck/legis/ck-nz_act/ciaa1952212/ # "651 (1) The hour of the day in each of the islands included in the Cook # Islands, other than Niue, shall be determined as if each island were # situated on the meridian one hundred and fifty-seven degrees thirty minutes # West of Greenwich. (2) The hour of the day in the Island of Niue shall be # determined as if that island were situated on the meridian one hundred and # seventy degrees West of Greenwich." # This act does not state when it takes effect, so one has to assume it # applies since 1952-10-16. But there is the possibility that the act just # legalized prior existing practice, as we had seen with the Guernsey law of # 1913-06-18 for the switch in 1909-04-19. # # From Paul Eggert (2021-03-24): # Transitions after 1952 are from Shanks & Pottenger. # # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Cook 1978 only - Nov 12 0:00 0:30 - Rule Cook 1979 1991 - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 - Rule Cook 1979 1990 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0:30 - # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Pacific/Rarotonga 13:20:56 - LMT 1899 Dec 26 # Avarua -10:39:04 - LMT 1952 Oct 16 -10:30 - %z 1978 Nov 12 -10:00 Cook %z ############################################################################### # Niue # See Pacific/Rarotonga comments for 1952 transition. # # From Tim Parenti (2021-09-13): # Consecutive contemporaneous editions of The Air Almanac listed -11:20 for # Niue as of Apr 1964 but -11 as of Aug 1964: # Apr 1964: https://books.google.com/books?id=_1So677Y5vUC&pg=SL1-PA23 # Aug 1964: https://books.google.com/books?id=MbJloqd-zyUC&pg=SL1-PA23 # Without greater specificity, guess 1964-07-01 for this transition. # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Pacific/Niue -11:19:40 - LMT 1952 Oct 16 # Alofi -11:20 - %z 1964 Jul -11:00 - %z # Norfolk # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Pacific/Norfolk 11:11:52 - LMT 1901 # Kingston 11:12 - %z 1951 11:30 - %z 1974 Oct 27 02:00s 11:30 1:00 %z 1975 Mar 2 02:00s 11:30 - %z 2015 Oct 4 02:00s 11:00 - %z 2019 Jul 11:00 AN %z # Palau (Belau) # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Pacific/Palau -15:02:04 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 # Koror 8:57:56 - LMT 1901 9:00 - %z # Papua New Guinea # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Pacific/Port_Moresby 9:48:40 - LMT 1880 9:48:32 - PMMT 1895 # Port Moresby Mean Time 10:00 - %z # # From Paul Eggert (2014-10-13): # Base the Bougainville entry on the Arawa-Kieta region, which appears to have # the most people even though it was devastated in the Bougainville Civil War. # # Although Shanks gives 1942-03-15 / 1943-11-01 for UT +09, these dates # are apparently rough guesswork from the starts of military campaigns. # The World War II entries below are instead based on Arawa-Kieta. # The Japanese occupied Kieta in July 1942, # according to the Pacific War Online Encyclopedia # https://pwencycl.kgbudge.com/B/o/Bougainville.htm # and seem to have controlled it until their 1945-08-21 surrender. # # The Autonomous Region of Bougainville switched from UT +10 to +11 # on 2014-12-28 at 02:00. They call +11 "Bougainville Standard Time". # See: # http://www.bougainville24.com/bougainville-issues/bougainville-gets-own-timezone/ # Zone Pacific/Bougainville 10:22:16 - LMT 1880 9:48:32 - PMMT 1895 10:00 - %z 1942 Jul 9:00 - %z 1945 Aug 21 10:00 - %z 2014 Dec 28 2:00 11:00 - %z # Pitcairn # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Pacific/Pitcairn -8:40:20 - LMT 1901 # Adamstown -8:30 - %z 1998 Apr 27 0:00 -8:00 - %z # American Samoa # Midway Zone Pacific/Pago_Pago 12:37:12 - LMT 1892 Jul 5 -11:22:48 - LMT 1911 -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa # Samoa (formerly and also known as Western Samoa) # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-16): # We have been in contact with the government of Samoa again, and received # the following info: # # "Cabinet has now approved Daylight Saving to be effected next year # commencing from the last Sunday of September 2010 and conclude first # Sunday of April 2011." # # Background info: # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/samoa-dst-plan-2009.html # # Samoa's Daylight Saving Time Act 2009 is available here, but does not # contain any dates: # http://www.parliament.gov.ws/documents/acts/Daylight%20Saving%20Act%20%202009%20(English)%20-%20Final%207-7-091.pdf # From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2010-10-07): # Please see # http://www.mcil.gov.ws # the Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Labour (sideframe) "Last Sunday # September 2010 (26/09/10) - adjust clocks forward from 12:00 midnight # to 01:00am and First Sunday April 2011 (03/04/11) - adjust clocks # backwards from 1:00am to 12:00am" # From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2011-03-07): # [http://www.mcil.gov.ws/ftcd/daylight_saving_2011.pdf] # # ... when the standard time strikes the hour of four o'clock (4.00am # or 0400 Hours) on the 2nd April 2011, then all instruments used to # measure standard time are to be adjusted/changed to three o'clock # (3:00am or 0300Hrs). # From David Zülke (2011-05-09): # Subject: Samoa to move timezone from east to west of international date line # # http://www.morningstar.co.uk/uk/markets/newsfeeditem.aspx?id=138501958347963 # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-27): # The International Date Line Act 2011 # http://www.parliament.gov.ws/images/ACTS/International_Date_Line_Act__2011_-_Eng.pdf # changed Samoa from UT -11 to +13, effective "12 o'clock midnight, on # Thursday 29th December 2011". The International Date Line was adjusted # accordingly. # From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2011-09-02): # http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html # # here is the official website publication for Samoa DST and dateline change # # DST # Year End Time Start Time # 2011 - - - - - - 24 September 3:00am to 4:00am # 2012 01 April 4:00am to 3:00am - - - - - - # # Dateline Change skip Friday 30th Dec 2011 # Thursday 29th December 2011 23:59:59 Hours # Saturday 31st December 2011 00:00:00 Hours # # From Nicholas Pereira (2012-09-10): # Daylight Saving Time commences on Sunday 30th September 2012 and # ends on Sunday 7th of April 2013.... # http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html # # From Paul Eggert (2014-07-08): # That web page currently lists transitions for 2012/3 and 2013/4. # Assume the pattern instituted in 2012 will continue indefinitely. # # From Geoffrey D. Bennett (2021-09-20): # https://www.mcil.gov.ws/storage/2021/09/MCIL-Scan_20210920_120553.pdf # DST has been cancelled for this year. # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule WS 2010 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 1 - Rule WS 2011 only - Apr Sat>=1 4:00 0 - Rule WS 2011 only - Sep lastSat 3:00 1 - Rule WS 2012 2021 - Apr Sun>=1 4:00 0 - Rule WS 2012 2020 - Sep lastSun 3:00 1 - # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Pacific/Apia 12:33:04 - LMT 1892 Jul 5 -11:26:56 - LMT 1911 -11:30 - %z 1950 -11:00 WS %z 2011 Dec 29 24:00 13:00 WS %z # Solomon Is # excludes Bougainville, for which see Papua New Guinea # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Pacific/Guadalcanal 10:39:48 - LMT 1912 Oct 1 # Honiara 11:00 - %z # Tokelau # # From Gwillim Law (2011-12-29) # A correspondent informed me that Tokelau, like Samoa, will be skipping # December 31 this year ... # # From Steffen Thorsen (2012-07-25) # ... we double checked by calling hotels and offices based in Tokelau asking # about the time there, and they all told a time that agrees with UTC+13.... # Shanks says UT-10 from 1901 [but] ... there is a good chance the change # actually was to UT-11 back then. # # From Paul Eggert (2012-07-25) # A Google Books snippet of Appendix to the Journals of the House of # Representatives of New Zealand, Session 1948, # , page 65, says Tokelau # was "11 hours slow on G.M.T." Go with Thorsen and assume Shanks & Pottenger # are off by an hour starting in 1901. # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Pacific/Fakaofo -11:24:56 - LMT 1901 -11:00 - %z 2011 Dec 30 13:00 - %z # Tonga # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Tonga 1999 only - Oct 7 2:00s 1:00 - Rule Tonga 2000 only - Mar 19 2:00s 0 - Rule Tonga 2000 2001 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 - Rule Tonga 2001 2002 - Jan lastSun 2:00 0 - Rule Tonga 2016 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 - Rule Tonga 2017 only - Jan Sun>=15 3:00 0 - # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Pacific/Tongatapu 12:19:12 - LMT 1945 Sep 10 12:20 - %z 1961 13:00 - %z 1999 13:00 Tonga %z # US minor outlying islands # Howland, Baker # Howland was mined for guano by American companies 1857-1878 and British # 1886-1891; Baker was similar but exact dates are not known. # Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; U.S. military bases 1943-1944; # uninhabited thereafter. # Howland observed Hawaii Standard Time (UT -10:30) in 1937; # see page 206 of Elgen M. Long and Marie K. Long, # Amelia Earhart: the Mystery Solved, Simon & Schuster (2000). # So most likely Howland and Baker observed Hawaii Time from 1935 # until they were abandoned after the war. # Jarvis # Mined for guano by American companies 1857-1879 and British 1883?-1891?. # Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; IGY scientific base 1957-1958; # uninhabited thereafter. # no information; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati # Johnston # # From Paul Eggert (2017-02-10): # Sometimes Johnston kept Hawaii time, and sometimes it was an hour behind. # Details are uncertain. We have no data for Johnston after 1970, so # treat it like Hawaii for now. Since Johnston is now uninhabited, # its link to Pacific/Honolulu is in the 'backward' file. # # In his memoirs of June 6th to October 4, 1945 # (2005), Herbert C. Bach writes, # "We started our letdown to Kwajalein Atoll and landed there at 5:00 AM # Johnston time, 1:30 AM Kwajalein time." This was in June 1945, and # confirms that Johnston kept the same time as Honolulu in summer 1945. # # From Lyle McElhaney (2014-03-11): # [W]hen JI was being used for that [atomic bomb] testing, the time being used # was not Hawaiian time but rather the same time being used on the ships, # which had a GMT offset of -11 hours. This apparently applied to at least the # time from Operation Newsreel (Hardtack I/Teak shot, 1958-08-01) to the last # Operation Fishbowl shot (Tightrope, 1962-11-04).... [See] Herman Hoerlin, # "The United States High-Altitude Test Experience: A Review Emphasizing the # Impact on the Environment", Los Alamos LA-6405, Oct 1976. # https://www.fas.org/sgp/othergov/doe/lanl/docs1/00322994.pdf # See the table on page 4 where he lists GMT and local times for the tests; a # footnote for the JI tests reads that local time is "JI time = Hawaii Time # Minus One Hour". # Kingman # uninhabited # Palmyra # uninhabited since World War II; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati # Vanuatu # From P Chan (2020-11-27): # Joint Daylight Saving Regulation No 59 of 1973 # New Hebrides Condominium Gazette No 336. December 1973 # http://www.paclii.org/vu/other/VUNHGovGaz//1973/11.pdf#page=15 # # Joint Daylight Saving (Repeal) Regulation No 10 of 1974 # New Hebrides Condominium Gazette No 336. March 1974 # http://www.paclii.org/vu/other/VUNHGovGaz//1974/3.pdf#page=11 # # Summer Time Act No. 35 of 1982 [commenced 1983-09-01] # http://www.paclii.org/vu/other/VUGovGaz/1982/32.pdf#page=48 # # Summer Time Act (Cap 157) # Laws of the Republic of Vanuatu Revised Edition 1988 # http://www.paclii.org/cgi-bin/sinodisp/vu/legis/consol_act1988/sta147/sta147.html # # Summer Time (Amendment) Act No. 6 of 1991 [commenced 1991-11-11] # http://www.paclii.org/vu/legis/num_act/sta1991227/ # # Summer Time (Repeal) Act No. 4 of 1993 [commenced 1993-05-03] # http://www.paclii.org/vu/other/VUGovGaz/1993/15.pdf#page=59 # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Vanuatu 1973 only - Dec 22 12:00u 1:00 - Rule Vanuatu 1974 only - Mar 30 12:00u 0 - Rule Vanuatu 1983 1991 - Sep Sat>=22 24:00 1:00 - Rule Vanuatu 1984 1991 - Mar Sat>=22 24:00 0 - Rule Vanuatu 1992 1993 - Jan Sat>=22 24:00 0 - Rule Vanuatu 1992 only - Oct Sat>=22 24:00 1:00 - # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Pacific/Efate 11:13:16 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Vila 11:00 Vanuatu %z ############################################################################### # NOTES # This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to # tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see # the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution. # From Paul Eggert (2018-11-18): # # Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is: # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). # Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources. # # Many years ago Gwillim Law wrote that a good source # for time zone data was the International Air Transport # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries # of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted, # IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990. # # Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which # I found in the UCLA library. # # For data circa 1899, a common source is: # Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94. # https://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359 # # For the 1911/1912 establishment of standard time in French possessions, see: # Société Française de Physique, Recueil de constantes physiques (1913), # page 752, 18b. # # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). # # I invented the abbreviation marked "*". # The following abbreviations are from other sources. # Corrections are welcome! # std dst # LMT Local Mean Time # 8:00 AWST AWDT Western Australia # 9:30 ACST ACDT Central Australia # 10:00 AEST AEDT Eastern Australia # 10:00 GST GDT* Guam through 2000 # 10:00 ChST Chamorro # 11:30 NZMT NZST New Zealand through 1945 # 12:00 NZST NZDT New Zealand 1946-present # -11:00 SST Samoa # -10:00 HST Hawaii # # See the 'northamerica' file for Hawaii. # See the 'southamerica' file for Easter I and the Galápagos Is. ############################################################################### # Australia # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30): # Daylight saving time has long been controversial in Australia, pitting # region against region, rural against urban, and local against global. # For example, in her review of Graeme Davison's _The Unforgiving # Minute: how Australians learned to tell the time_ (1993), Perth native # Phillipa J Martyr wrote, "The section entitled 'Saving Daylight' was # very informative, but was (as can, sadly, only be expected from a # Melbourne-based study) replete with the usual chuckleheaded # Queenslanders and straw-chewing yokels from the West prattling fables # about fading curtains and crazed farm animals." # Electronic Journal of Australian and New Zealand History (1997-03-03) # http://www.jcu.edu.au/aff/history/reviews/davison.htm # From P Chan (2020-11-20): # Daylight Saving Act 1916 (No. 40 of 1916) [1916-12-21, commenced 1917-01-01] # http://classic.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/num_act/dsa1916401916192/ # # Daylight Saving Repeal Act 1917 (No. 35 of 1917) [1917-09-25] # http://classic.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/num_act/dsra1917351917243/ # # Statutory Rules 1941, No. 323 [1941-12-24] # https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/C1941L00323 # # Statutory Rules 1942, No. 392 [1942-09-10] # https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/C1942L00392 # # Statutory Rules 1943, No. 241 [1943-09-29] # https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/C1943L00241 # # All transition times should be 02:00 standard time. # From Paul Eggert (2005-12-08): # Implementation Dates of Daylight Saving Time within Australia # http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml # summarizes daylight saving issues in Australia. # From Arthur David Olson (2005-12-12): # Lawlink NSW:Daylight Saving in New South Wales # http://www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/lawlink/Corporate/ll_agdinfo.nsf/pages/community_relations_daylight_saving # covers New South Wales in particular. # From John Mackin (1991-03-06): # We in Australia have _never_ referred to DST as 'daylight' time. # It is called 'summer' time. Now by a happy coincidence, 'summer' # and 'standard' happen to start with the same letter; hence, the # abbreviation does _not_ change... # The legislation does not actually define abbreviations, at least # in this State, but the abbreviation is just commonly taken to be the # initials of the phrase, and the legislation here uniformly uses # the phrase 'summer time' and does not use the phrase 'daylight # time'. # Announcers on the Commonwealth radio network, the ABC (for Australian # Broadcasting Commission), use the phrases 'Eastern Standard Time' # or 'Eastern Summer Time'. (Note, though, that as I say in the # current australasia file, there is really no such thing.) Announcers # on its overseas service, Radio Australia, use the same phrases # prefixed by the word 'Australian' when referring to local times; # time announcements on that service, naturally enough, are made in UTC. # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30): # # Inspired by Mackin's remarks quoted above, earlier versions of this # file used "EST" for both Eastern Standard Time and Eastern Summer # Time in Australia, and similarly for "CST", "CWST", and "WST". # However, these abbreviations were confusing and were not common # practice among Australians, and there were justifiable complaints # about them, so I attempted to survey current Australian usage. # For the tz database, the full English phrase is not that important; # what matters is the abbreviation. It's difficult to survey the web # directly for abbreviation usage, as there are so many false hits for # strings like "EST" and "EDT", so I looked for pages that defined an # abbreviation for eastern or central DST in Australia, and got the # following numbers of unique hits for the listed Google queries: # # 10 "Eastern Daylight Time AEST" site:au [some are false hits] # 10 "Eastern Summer Time AEST" site:au # 10 "Summer Time AEDT" site:au # 13 "EDST Eastern Daylight Saving Time" site:au # 18 "Summer Time ESST" site:au # 28 "Eastern Daylight Saving Time EDST" site:au # 39 "EDT Eastern Daylight Time" site:au [some are false hits] # 53 "Eastern Daylight Time EDT" site:au [some are false hits] # 54 "AEDT Australian Eastern Daylight Time" site:au # 182 "Eastern Daylight Time AEDT" site:au # # 17 "Central Daylight Time CDT" site:au [some are false hits] # 46 "Central Daylight Time ACDT" site:au # # I tried several other variants (e.g., "Eastern Summer Time EST") but # they all returned fewer than 10 unique hits. I also looked for pages # mentioning both "western standard time" and an abbreviation, since # there is no WST in the US to generate false hits, and found: # # 156 "western standard time" AWST site:au # 226 "western standard time" WST site:au # # I then surveyed the top ten newspapers in Australia by circulation as # listed in Wikipedia, using Google queries like "AEDT site:heraldsun.com.au" # and obtaining estimated counts from the initial page of search results. # All ten papers greatly preferred "AEDT" to "EDT". The papers # surveyed were the Herald Sun, The Daily Telegraph, The Courier-Mail, # The Sydney Morning Herald, The West Australian, The Age, The Advertiser, # The Australian, The Financial Review, and The Herald (Newcastle). # # I also searched for historical usage, to see whether abbreviations # like "AEDT" are new. A Trove search # found only one newspaper (The Canberra Times) with a house style # dating back to the 1970s, I expect because other newspapers weren't # fully indexed. The Canberra Times strongly preferred abbreviations # like "AEDT". The first occurrence of "AEDT" was a World Weather # column (1971-11-17, page 24), and of "ACDT" was a Scoreboard column # (1993-01-24, p 16). The style was the typical usage but was not # strictly enforced; for example, "Welcome to the twilight zones ..." # (1994-10-29, p 1) uses the abbreviations AEST/AEDT, CST/CDT, and # WST, and goes on to say, "The confusion and frustration some feel # about the lack of uniformity among Australia's six states and two # territories has prompted one group to form its very own political # party -- the Sydney-based Daylight Saving Extension Party." # # I also surveyed federal government sources. They did not agree: # # The Australian Government (2014-03-26) # http://australia.gov.au/about-australia/our-country/time # (This document was produced by the Department of Finance.) # AEST ACST AWST AEDT ACDT # # Bureau of Meteorology (2012-11-08) # http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/daysavtm.shtml # EST CST WST EDT CDT # # Civil Aviation Safety Authority (undated) # http://services.casa.gov.au/outnback/inc/pages/episode3/episode-3_time_zones.shtml # EST CST WST (no abbreviations given for DST) # # Geoscience Australia (2011-11-24) # http://www.ga.gov.au/geodesy/astro/sunrise.jsp # AEST ACST AWST AEDT ACDT # # Parliamentary Library (2008-11-10) # https://www.aph.gov.au/binaries/library/pubs/rp/2008-09/09rp14.pdf # EST CST WST preferred for standard time; AEST AEDT ACST ACDT also used # # The Transport Safety Bureau has an extensive series of accident reports, # and investigators seem to use whatever abbreviation they like. # Googling site:atsb.gov.au found the following number of unique hits: # 311 "ESuT", 195 "EDT", 26 "AEDT", 83 "CSuT", 46 "CDT". # "_SuT" tended to appear in older reports, and "A_DT" tended to # appear in reports of events with international implications. # # From the above it appears that there is a working consensus in # Australia to use trailing "DT" for daylight saving time; although # some sources use trailing "SST" or "ST" or "SuT" they are by far in # the minority. The case for leading "A" is weaker, but since it # seems to be preferred in the overall web and is preferred in all # the leading newspaper websites and in many government departments, # it has a stronger case than omitting the leading "A". The current # version of the database therefore uses abbreviations like "AEST" and # "AEDT" for Australian time zones. # From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19): # Shanks & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ. # Mark Prior writes that his newspaper # reports that NSW's fall 1995 change will occur at 2:00, # but Robert Elz says it's been 3:00 in Victoria since 1970 # and perhaps the newspaper's '2:00' is referring to standard time. # For now we'll continue to assume 2:00s for changes since 1960. # From Eric Ulevik (1998-01-05): # # Here are some URLs to Australian time legislation. These URLs are stable, # and should probably be included in the data file. There are probably more # relevant entries in this database. # # NSW (including LHI and Broken Hill): # Standard Time Act 1987 (updated 1995-04-04) # https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/sta1987137/index.html # ACT # Standard Time and Summer Time Act 1972 # https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/act/consol_act/stasta1972279/index.html # SA # Standard Time Act, 1898 # https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/sa/consol_act/sta1898137/index.html # From David Grosz (2005-06-13): # It was announced last week that Daylight Saving would be extended by # one week next year to allow for the 2006 Commonwealth Games. # Daylight Saving is now to end for next year only on the first Sunday # in April instead of the last Sunday in March. # # From Gwillim Law (2005-06-14): # I did some Googling and found that all of those states (and territory) plan # to extend DST together in 2006. # ACT: http://www.cmd.act.gov.au/mediareleases/fileread.cfm?file=86.txt # New South Wales: http://www.thecouriermail.news.com.au/common/story_page/0,5936,15538869%255E1702,00.html # South Australia: http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15555031-1246,00.html # Tasmania: http://www.media.tas.gov.au/release.php?id=14772 # Victoria: I wasn't able to find anything separate, but the other articles # allude to it. # But not Queensland # http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15564030-1248,00.html # Northern Territory # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): # # The NORTHERN TERRITORY.. [ Courtesy N.T. Dept of the Chief Minister ] # # [ Nov 1990 ] # # N.T. have never utilised any DST due to sub-tropical/tropical location. # ... # Zone Australia/North 9:30 - CST # From Bradley White (1991-03-04): # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... # the Northern Territory do[es] not have daylight saving. # Western Australia # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): # # The state of WESTERN AUSTRALIA.. [ Courtesy W.A. dept Premier+Cabinet ] # # [ Nov 1990 ] # # W.A. suffers from a great deal of public and political opposition to # # DST in principle. A bill is brought before parliament in most years, but # # usually defeated either in the upper house, or in party caucus # # before reaching parliament. # ... # Zone Australia/West 8:00 AW %sST # ... # Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D # Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W # Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D # Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W # From Bradley White (1991-03-04): # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... # Western Australia...do[es] not have daylight saving. # From John D. Newman via Bradley White (1991-11-02): # Western Australia is still on "winter time". Some DH in Sydney # rang me at home a few days ago at 6.00am. (He had just arrived at # work at 9.00am.) # W.A. is switching to Summer Time on Nov 17th just to confuse # everybody again. # From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): # The 1992 ending date used in the rules is a best guess; # it matches what was used in the past. # The Australian Bureau of Meteorology FAQ # http://www.bom.gov.au/faq/faqgen.htm # (1999-09-27) writes that Giles Meteorological Station uses # South Australian time even though it's located in Western Australia. # From Paul Eggert (2018-04-01): # The Guardian Express of Perth, Australia reported today that the # government decided to advance the clocks permanently on January 1, # 2019, from UT +08 to UT +09. The article noted that an exemption # would be made for people aged 61 and over, who "can apply in writing # to have the extra hour of sunshine removed from their area." See: # Daylight saving coming to WA in 2019. Guardian Express. 2018-04-01. # https://www.communitynews.com.au/guardian-express/news/exclusive-daylight-savings-coming-wa-summer-2018/ # [The article ends with "Today's date is April 1."] # Queensland # From Paul Eggert (2018-02-26): # I lack access to the following source for Queensland DST: # Pearce C. History of daylight saving time in Queensland. # Queensland Hist J. 2017 Aug;23(6):389-403 # https://search.informit.com.au/documentSummary;dn=994682348436426;res=IELHSS # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): # # The state of QUEENSLAND.. [ Courtesy Qld. Dept Premier Econ&Trade Devel ] # # [ Dec 1990 ] # ... # Zone Australia/Queensland 10:00 AQ %sST # ... # Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D # Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 E # Rule AQ 1989 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D # Rule AQ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 E # From Bradley White (1989-12-24): # "Australia/Queensland" now observes daylight time (i.e. from # October 1989). # From Bradley White (1991-03-04): # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... # ...Queensland...[has] agreed to end daylight saving # at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... # From John Mackin (1991-03-06): # I can certainly confirm for my part that Daylight Saving in NSW did in fact # end on Sunday, 3 March. I don't know at what hour, though. (It surprised # me.) # From Bradley White (1992-03-08): # ...there was recently a referendum in Queensland which resulted # in the experimental daylight saving system being abandoned. So, ... # ... # Rule QLD 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D # Rule QLD 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S # ... # From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): # The chosen rules the union of the 1971/1972 change and the 1989-1992 changes. # From Christopher Hunt (2006-11-21), after an advance warning # from Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-11-01): # WA are trialing DST for three years. # http://www.parliament.wa.gov.au/parliament/bills.nsf/9A1B183144403DA54825721200088DF1/$File/Bill175-1B.pdf # From Rives McDow (2002-04-09): # The most interesting region I have found consists of three towns on the # southern coast.... South Australia observes daylight saving time; Western # Australia does not. The two states are one and a half hours apart. The # residents decided to forget about this nonsense of changing the clock so # much and set the local time 20 hours and 45 minutes from the # international date line, or right in the middle of the time of South # Australia and Western Australia.... # # From Paul Eggert (2002-04-09): # This is confirmed by the section entitled # "What's the deal with time zones???" in # http://www.earthsci.unimelb.edu.au/~awatkins/null.html # # From Alex Livingston (2006-12-07): # ... it was just on four years ago that I drove along the Eyre Highway, # which passes through eastern Western Australia close to the southern # coast of the continent. # # I paid particular attention to the time kept there. There can be no # dispute that UTC+08:45 was considered "the time" from the border # village just inside the border with South Australia to as far west # as just east of Caiguna. There can also be no dispute that Eucla is # the largest population centre in this zone.... # # Now that Western Australia is observing daylight saving, the # question arose whether this part of the state would follow suit. I # just called the border village and confirmed that indeed they have, # meaning that they are now observing UTC+09:45. # # (2006-12-09): # I personally doubt that either experimentation with daylight saving # in WA or its introduction in SA had anything to do with the genesis # of this time zone. My hunch is that it's been around since well # before 1975. I remember seeing it noted on road maps decades ago. # # From Gilmore Davidson (2019-04-08): # https://www.abc.net.au/news/2019-04-08/this-remote-stretch-of-desert-has-its-own-custom-time-zone/10981000 # ... include[s] a rough description of the geographical boundaries... # "The time zone exists for about 340 kilometres and takes in the tiny # roadhouse communities of Cocklebiddy, Madura, Eucla and Border Village." # ... and an indication that the zone has definitely been in existence # since before the 1970 cut-off of the database ... # From Paul Eggert (2019-05-17): # That ABC Esperance story by Christien de Garis also says: # Although the Central Western Time Zone is not officially recognised (your # phones won't automatically change), there is a sign instructing you which # way to wind your clocks 45 minutes and scrawled underneath one of them in # Texta is the word: 'Why'? # "Good question," Mr Pike said. # "I don't even know that, and it's been going for over 50 years." # From Paul Eggert (2006-12-15): # For lack of better info, assume the tradition dates back to the # introduction of standard time in 1895. # southeast Australia # # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): # Starting autumn 2008 Victoria, NSW, South Australia, Tasmania and the ACT # end DST the first Sunday in April and start DST the first Sunday in October. # http://www.theage.com.au/news/national/daylight-savings-to-span-six-months/2007/06/27/1182623966703.html # South Australia # From Bradley White (1991-03-04): # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... # ...South Australia...[has] agreed to end daylight saving # at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): # # The state of SOUTH AUSTRALIA....[ Courtesy of S.A. Dept of Labour ] # # [ Nov 1990 ] # ... # Zone Australia/South 9:30 AS %sST # ... # Rule AS 1971 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D # Rule AS 1972 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C # Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 3:00 0 C # Rule AS 1991 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C # From Bradley White (1992-03-11): # Recent correspondence with a friend in Adelaide # contained the following exchange: "Due to the Adelaide Festival, # South Australia delays setting back our clocks for a few weeks." # From Robert Elz (1992-03-13): # I heard that apparently (or at least, it appears that) # South Aus will have an extra 3 weeks daylight saving every even # numbered year (from 1990). That's when the Adelaide Festival # is on... # From Robert Elz (1992-03-16, 00:57:07 +1000): # DST didn't end in Adelaide today (yesterday).... # But whether it's "4th Sunday" or "2nd last Sunday" I have no idea whatever... # (it's just as likely to be "the Sunday we pick for this year"...). # From Bradley White (1994-04-11): # If Sun, 15 March, 1992 was at +1030 as kre asserts, but yet Sun, 20 March, # 1994 was at +0930 as John Connolly's customer seems to assert, then I can # only conclude that the actual rule is more complicated.... # From John Warburton (1994-10-07): # The new Daylight Savings dates for South Australia ... # was gazetted in the Government Hansard on Sep 26 1994.... # start on last Sunday in October and end in last sunday in March. # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): # See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. # Tasmania # From P Chan (2020-11-20): # Tasmania observed DST in 1916-1919. # # Daylight Saving Act, 1916 (7 Geo V, No 2) [1916-09-22] # http://classic.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/tas/num_act/tdsa19167gvn2267/ # # Daylight Saving Amendment Act, 1917 (8 Geo V, No 5) [1917-10-01] # http://classic.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/tas/num_act/tdsaa19178gvn5347/ # # Daylight Saving Act Repeal Act, 1919 (10 Geo V, No 9) [1919-10-24] # http://classic.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/tas/num_act/tdsara191910gvn9339/ # # King Island is mentioned in the 1967 Act but not the 1968 Act. # Therefore it possibly observed DST from 1968/69. # # Daylight Saving Act 1967 (No. 33 of 1967) [1967-09-22] # http://classic.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/tas/num_act/dsa196733o1967211/ # # Daylight Saving Act 1968 (No. 42 of 1968) [1968-10-15] # http://classic.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/tas/num_act/dsa196842o1968211/ # The rules for 1967 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd # via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): # # The state of TASMANIA.. [Courtesy Tasmanian Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] # # [ Nov 1990 ] # From Bill Hart via Guy Harris (1991-10-10): # Oh yes, the new daylight savings rules are uniquely tasmanian, we have # 6 weeks a year now when we are out of sync with the rest of Australia # (but nothing new about that). # From Alex Livingston (1999-10-04): # I heard on the ABC (Australian Broadcasting Corporation) radio news on the # (long) weekend that Tasmania, which usually goes its own way in this regard, # has decided to join with most of NSW, the ACT, and most of Victoria # (Australia) and start daylight saving on the last Sunday in August in 2000 # instead of the first Sunday in October. # Sim Alam (2000-07-03) reported a legal citation for the 2000/2001 rules: # http://www.thelaw.tas.gov.au/fragview/42++1968+GS3A@EN+2000070300 # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): # See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. # Victoria # The rules for 1971 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd # via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): # # The state of VICTORIA.. [ Courtesy of Vic. Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] # # [ Nov 1990 ] # From Scott Harrington (2001-08-29): # On KQED's "City Arts and Lectures" program last night I heard an # interesting story about daylight savings time. Dr. John Heilbron was # discussing his book "The Sun in the Church: Cathedrals as Solar # Observatories"[1], and in particular the Shrine of Remembrance[2] located # in Melbourne, Australia. # # Apparently the shrine's main purpose is a beam of sunlight which # illuminates a special spot on the floor at the 11th hour of the 11th day # of the 11th month (Remembrance Day) every year in memory of Australia's # fallen WWI soldiers. And if you go there on Nov. 11, at 11am local time, # you will indeed see the sunbeam illuminate the special spot at the # expected time. # # However, that is only because of some special mirror contraption that had # to be employed, since due to daylight savings time, the true solar time of # the remembrance moment occurs one hour later (or earlier?). Perhaps # someone with more information on this jury-rig can tell us more. # # [1] http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog/HEISUN.html # [2] http://www.shrine.org.au # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): # See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. # New South Wales # From Arthur David Olson: # New South Wales and subjurisdictions have their own ideas of a fun time. # Based on law library research by John Mackin, # who notes: # In Australia, time is not legislated federally, but rather by the # individual states. Thus, while such terms as "Eastern Standard Time" # [I mean, of course, Australian EST, not any other kind] are in common # use, _they have NO REAL MEANING_, as they are not defined in the # legislation. This is very important to understand. # I have researched New South Wales time only... # From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-26): # DST will start in NSW on the last Sunday of August, rather than the usual # October in 2000. See: Matthew Moore, # Two months more daylight saving, Sydney Morning Herald (1999-05-26). # http://www.smh.com.au/news/9905/26/pageone/pageone4.html # From Paul Eggert (1999-09-27): # See the following official NSW source: # Daylight Saving in New South Wales. # http://dir.gis.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/genobject/document/other/daylightsaving/tigGmZ # # Narrabri Shire (NSW) council has announced it will ignore the extension of # daylight saving next year. See: # Narrabri Council to ignore daylight saving # http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/neweng/monthly/regeng-22jul1999-1.htm # (1999-07-22). For now, we'll wait to see if this really happens. # # Victoria will follow NSW. See: # Vic to extend daylight saving (1999-07-28) # http://abc.net.au/local/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990728112314_1.htm # # However, South Australia rejected the DST request. See: # South Australia rejects Olympics daylight savings request (1999-07-19) # http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990719151754_1.htm # # Queensland also will not observe DST for the Olympics. See: # Qld says no to daylight savings for Olympics # http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/06/item19990601114608_1.htm # (1999-06-01), which quotes Queensland Premier Peter Beattie as saying # "Look you've got to remember in my family when this came up last time # I voted for it, my wife voted against it and she said to me it's all very # well for you, you don't have to worry about getting the children out of # bed, getting them to school, getting them to sleep at night. # I've been through all this argument domestically...my wife rules." # # Broken Hill will stick with South Australian time in 2000. See: # Broken Hill to be behind the times (1999-07-21) # http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/brokenh/monthly/regbrok-21jul1999-6.htm # IATA SSIM (1998-09) says that the spring 2000 change for Australian # Capital Territory, New South Wales except Lord Howe Island and Broken # Hill, and Victoria will be August 27, presumably due to the Sydney Olympics. # From Eric Ulevik, referring to Sydney's Sun Herald (2000-08-13), page 29: # The Queensland Premier Peter Beattie is encouraging northern NSW # towns to use Queensland time. # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): # See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. # Yancowinna # From John Mackin (1989-01-04): # 'Broken Hill' means the County of Yancowinna. # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): # # YANCOWINNA.. [ Confirmation courtesy of Broken Hill Postmaster ] # # [ Dec 1990 ] # ... # # Yancowinna uses Central Standard Time, despite [its] location on the # # New South Wales side of the S.A. border. Most business and social dealings # # are with CST zones, therefore CST is legislated by local government # # although the switch to Summer Time occurs in line with N.S.W. There have # # been years when this did not apply, but the historical data is not # # presently available. # Zone Australia/Yancowinna 9:30 AY %sST # ... # Rule AY 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D # Rule AY 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 C # [followed by other Rules] # Lord Howe Island # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): # LHI... [ Courtesy of Pauline Van Winsen ] # [ Dec 1990 ] # Lord Howe Island is located off the New South Wales coast, and is half an # hour ahead of NSW time. # From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-01-27): # Lord Howe Island summer time in 2000/2001 will commence on the same # date as the rest of NSW (i.e. 2000-08-27). For your information the # Lord Howe Island Board (controlling authority for the Island) is # seeking the community's views on various options for summer time # arrangements on the Island, e.g. advance clocks by 1 full hour # instead of only 30 minutes. [Dependent] on the wishes of residents # the Board may approach the NSW government to change the existing # arrangements. The starting date for summer time on the Island will # however always coincide with the rest of NSW. # From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-10-25): # Lord Howe Island advances clocks by 30 minutes during DST in NSW and retards # clocks by 30 minutes when DST finishes. Since DST was most recently # introduced in NSW, the "changeover" time on the Island has been 02:00 as # shown on clocks on LHI. I guess this means that for 30 minutes at the start # of DST, LHI is actually 1 hour ahead of the rest of NSW. # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): # For Lord Howe dates we use Shanks & Pottenger through 1989, and # Lonergan thereafter. For times we use Lonergan. # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): # See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-04-28): # According to the official press release, South Australia's extended daylight # saving period will continue with the same rules as used during the 2008-2009 # summer (southern hemisphere). # # From # http://www.safework.sa.gov.au/uploaded_files/DaylightDatesSet.pdf # The extended daylight saving period that South Australia has been trialling # for over the last year is now set to be ongoing. # Daylight saving will continue to start on the first Sunday in October each # year and finish on the first Sunday in April the following year. # Industrial Relations Minister, Paul Caica, says this provides South Australia # with a consistent half hour time difference with NSW, Victoria, Tasmania and # the ACT for all 52 weeks of the year... # # We have a wrap-up here: # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/south-australia-extends-dst.html ############################################################################### # New Zealand # From Mark Davies (1990-10-03): # the 1989/90 year was a trial of an extended "daylight saving" period. # This trial was deemed successful and the extended period adopted for # subsequent years (with the addition of a further week at the start). # source - phone call to Ministry of Internal Affairs Head Office. # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): # # The Country of New Zealand (Australia's east island -) Gee they hate that! # # or is Australia the west island of N.Z. # # [ courtesy of Geoff Tribble.. Auckland N.Z. ] # # [ Nov 1990 ] # ... # Rule NZ 1974 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D # Rule NZ 1989 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D # Rule NZ 1975 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S # Rule NZ 1990 max - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 S # ... # Zone NZ 12:00 NZ NZ%sT # New Zealand # Zone NZ-CHAT 12:45 - NZ-CHAT # Chatham Island # From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): # The chosen rules use the Davies October 8 values for the start of DST in 1989 # rather than the October 1 value. # From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19); # Shank & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ. # Robert Uzgalis writes that the New Zealand Daylight # Savings Time Order in Council dated 1990-06-18 specifies 2:00 standard # time on both the first Sunday in October and the third Sunday in March. # As with Australia, we'll assume the tradition is 2:00s, not 2:00. # # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): # The Department of Internal Affairs (DIA) maintains a brief history, # as does Carol Squires; see tz-link.html for the full references. # Use these sources in preference to Shanks & Pottenger. # # For Chatham, IATA SSIM (1991/1999) gives the NZ rules but with # transitions at 2:45 local standard time; this confirms that Chatham # is always exactly 45 minutes ahead of Auckland. # From Colin Sharples (2007-04-30): # DST will now start on the last Sunday in September, and end on the # first Sunday in April. The changes take effect this year, meaning # that DST will begin on 2007-09-30 2008-04-06. # http://www.dia.govt.nz/diawebsite.nsf/wpg_URL/Services-Daylight-Saving-Daylight-saving-to-be-extended # From Paul Eggert (2014-07-14): # Chatham Island time was formally standardized on 1957-01-01 by # New Zealand's Standard Time Amendment Act 1956 (1956-10-26). # https://www.austlii.edu.au/nz/legis/hist_act/staa19561956n100244.pdf # According to Google Books snippet view, a speaker in the New Zealand # parliamentary debates in 1956 said "Clause 78 makes provision for standard # time in the Chatham Islands. The time there is 45 minutes in advance of New # Zealand time. I understand that is the time they keep locally, anyhow." # For now, assume this practice goes back to the introduction of standard time # in New Zealand, as this would make Chatham Islands time almost exactly match # LMT back when New Zealand was at UT +11:30; also, assume Chatham Islands did # not observe New Zealand's prewar DST. ############################################################################### # Bonin (Ogasawara) Islands and Marcus Island (Minami-Tori-shima) # From Wakaba (2019-01-28) via Phake Nick: # National Diet Library of Japan has several reports by Japanese Government # officers that describe the time used in islands when they visited there. # According to them (and other sources such as newspapers), standard time UTC # + 10 (JST + 1) and DST UTC + 11 (JST + 2) was used until its return to Japan # at 1968-06-26 00:00 JST. The exact periods of DST are still unknown. # I guessed Guam, Mariana, and Bonin and Marcus districts might have # synchronized their DST periods, but reports imply they had their own # decisions, i.e. there were three or more different time zones.... # # https://wiki.suikawiki.org/n/小笠原諸島の標準時 # From Phake Nick (2019-02-12): # Because their last time change to return to Japanese time when they returned # to Japanese rule was right before 1970, ... per the current tz database # rule, the information doesn't warrant creation of a new timezone for Bonin # Islands itself and is thus as an anecdotal note for interest purpose only. # ... [The abovementioned link] described some special timekeeping phenomenon # regarding Marcus island, another remote island currently owned by Japanese # in the same administrative unit as Bonin Islands. Many reports claim that # the American coastal guard on the American quarter of the island use its own # coastal guard time, and most sources describe the time as UTC+11, being two # hours faster than JST used by some Japanese personnel on the island. Some # sites describe it as same as Wake Island/Guam time although it would be # incorrect to be same as Guam. And then in a few Japanese governmental # report from 1980s (from National Institute of Information and Communications # Technology) regarding the construction of VLBI facility on the Marcus # Island, it claimed that there are three time standards being used on the # island at the time which include not just JST (UTC+9) or [US]CG time # (UTC+11) but also a JMSDF time (UTC+10) (Japan Maritime Self-Defense # Force). Unfortunately there are no other sources that mentioned such time # and there are also no information on things like how the time was used. # Fiji # Howse writes (p 153) that in 1879 the British governor of Fiji # enacted an ordinance standardizing the islands on Antipodean Time # instead of the American system (which was one day behind). # From Rives McDow (1998-10-08): # Fiji will introduce DST effective 0200 local time, 1998-11-01 # until 0300 local time 1999-02-28. Each year the DST period will # be from the first Sunday in November until the last Sunday in February. # From Paul Eggert (2000-01-08): # IATA SSIM (1999-09) says DST ends 0100 local time. Go with McDow. # From the BBC World Service in # http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/205226.stm (1998-10-31 16:03 UTC): # The Fijian government says the main reasons for the time change is to # improve productivity and reduce road accidents.... [T]he move is also # intended to boost Fiji's ability to attract tourists to witness the dawning # of the new millennium. # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/press/2000_09/2000_09_13-05.shtml (2000-09-13) # reports that Fiji has discontinued DST. # Kiribati # From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): # Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (page 1) reports that Kiribati # "declared it the same day [throughout] the country as of Jan. 1, 1995" # as part of the competition to be first into the 21st century. # From Kerry Shetline (2018-02-03): # December 31 was the day that was skipped, so that the transition # would be from Friday December 30, 1994 to Sunday January 1, 1995. # From Paul Eggert (2018-02-04): # One source for this is page 202 of: Bartky IR. One Time Fits All: # The Campaigns for Global Uniformity (2007). # Kanton # From Paul Eggert (2021-05-27): # Kiribati's +13 timezone is represented by Kanton, its only populated # island. (It was formerly spelled "Canton", but Gilbertese lacks "C".) # Kanton was settled on 1937-08-31 by two British radio operators # ; # Americans came the next year and built an airfield, partly to # establish airline service and perhaps partly anticipating the # next war. Aside from the war, the airfield was used by commercial # airlines until long-range jets became standard; although currently # for emergency use only, China says it is considering rebuilding the # airfield for high-end niche tourism. Kanton has about two dozen # people, caretakers who rotate in from the rest of Kiribati in 2-5 # year shifts, and who use some of the leftover structures # . # Kwajalein # From an AP article (1993-08-22): # "The nearly 3,000 Americans living on this remote Pacific atoll have a good # excuse for not remembering Saturday night: there wasn't one. Residents were # going to bed Friday night and waking up Sunday morning because at midnight # -- 8 A.M. Eastern daylight time on Saturday -- Kwajalein was jumping from # one side of the international date line to the other." # "In Marshall Islands, Friday is followed by Sunday", NY Times. 1993-08-22. # https://www.nytimes.com/1993/08/22/world/in-marshall-islands-friday-is-followed-by-sunday.html # From Paul Eggert (2022-03-31): # Phake Nick (2018-10-27) noted 's # citation of a 1993 AP article published in the New York Times saying # Kwajalein synchronized its day with the US mainland about 40 years earlier. # However the AP article is vague and possibly wrong about this. The article # says the earlier switch was "about 40 years ago when the United States # Army established a missile test range here". However, the Kwajalein Test # Center was established on 1960-10-01 and was run by the US Navy. It was # transferred to the US Army on 1964-07-01. See "Seize the High Ground" # . # Given that Shanks was right on the money about the 1993 change, I'm inclined # to take Shanks's word for the 1969 change unless we find better evidence. # N Mariana Is, Guam # From Phake Nick (2018-10-27): # Guam Island was briefly annexed by Japan during ... year 1941-1944 ... # however there are no detailed information about what time it use during that # period. It would probably be reasonable to assume Guam use GMT+9 during # that period of time like the surrounding area. # From Paul Eggert (2023-01-23): # Howse writes (p 153) "The Spaniards, on the other hand, reached the # Philippines and the Ladrones from America," and implies that the Ladrones # (now called the Marianas) kept American date for quite some time. # For now, we assume the Ladrones switched at the same time as the Philippines; # see Asia/Manila. # # Use 1941-12-10 and 1944-07-31 for Guam WWII transitions, as the rough start # and end of Japanese control of Agana. We don't know whether the Northern # Marianas followed Guam's DST rules from 1959 through 1977; for now, assume # they did as that avoids the need for a separate zone due to our 1970 cutoff. # # US Public Law 106-564 (2000-12-23) made UT +10 the official standard time, # under the name "Chamorro standard time". There is no official abbreviation, # but Congressman Robert A. Underwood, author of the bill that became law, # wrote in a press release (2000-12-27) that he will seek the use of "ChST". # See also the commentary for Micronesia. # Marshall Is # See the commentary for Micronesia. # Micronesia (and nearby) # From Paul Eggert (2018-11-18): # Like the Ladrones (see Guam commentary), assume the Spanish East Indies # kept American time until the Philippines switched at the end of 1844. # From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29): # The Federated States of Micronesia Visitors Board writes in # The Federated States of Micronesia - Visitor Information (1999-01-26) # http://www.fsmgov.org/info/clocks.html # that Truk and Yap are UT +10, and Ponape and Kosrae are +11. # We don't know when Kosrae switched from +12; assume January 1 for now. # From Phake Nick (2018-10-27): # # From a Japanese wiki site https://wiki.suikawiki.org/n/南洋群島の標準時 # ... # For "Southern Islands" (modern region of Mariana + Palau + Federation of # Micronesia + Marshall Islands): # # A 1906 Japanese magazine shown the Caroline Islands and Mariana Islands # who was occupied by Germany at the time as GMT+10, together with the like # of German New Guinea. However there is a marking saying it have not been # implemented (yet). No further information after that were found. # # Japan invaded those islands in 1914, and records shows that they were # instructed to use JST at the time. # # 1915 January telecommunication record on the Jaluit Atoll shows they use # the meridian of 170E as standard time (GMT+11:20), which is similar to the # longitude of the atoll. # 1915 February record say the 170E standard time is to be used until # February 9 noon, and after February 9 noon they are to use JST. # However these are time used within the Japanese Military at the time and # probably does not reflect the time used by local resident at the time (that # is if they keep their own time back then) # # In January 1919 the occupying force issued a command that split the area # into three different timezone with meridian of 135E, 150E, 165E (JST+0, +1, # +2), and the command was to become effective from February 1 of the same # year. Despite the target of the command is still only for the occupying # force itself, further publication have described the time as the standard # time for the occupied area and thus it can probably be seen as such. # * Area that use meridian of 135E: Palau and Yap civil administration area # (Southern Islands Western Standard Time) # * Area that use meridian of 150E: Truk (Chuuk) and Saipan civil # administration area (Southern Islands Central Standard Time) # * Area that use meridian of 165E: Ponape (Pohnpei) and Jaluit civil # administration area (Southern Islands Eastern Standard Time). # * In the next few years Japanese occupation of those islands have been # formalized via League of Nation Mandate (South Pacific Mandate) and formal # governance structure have been established, these district [become # subprefectures] and timezone classification have been inherited as standard # time of the area. # * Saipan subprefecture include Mariana islands (exclude Guam which was # occupied by America at the time), Palau and Yap subprefecture rule the # Western Caroline Islands with 137E longitude as border, Truk and Ponape # subprefecture rule the Eastern Caroline Islands with 154E as border, Ponape # subprefecture also rule part of Marshall Islands to the west of 164E # starting from (1918?) and Jaluit subprefecture rule the rest of the # Marshall Islands. # # And then in year 1937, an announcement was made to change the time in the # area into 2 timezones: # * Area that use meridian of 135E: area administered by Palau, Yap and # Saipan subprefecture (Southern Islands Western Standard Time) # * Area that use meridian of 150E: area administered by Truk (Chuuk), # Ponape (Pohnpei) and Jaluit subprefecture (Southern Islands Eastern # Standard Time) # # Another announcement issued in 1941 say that on April 1 that year, # standard time of the Southern Islands would be changed to use the meridian # of 135E (GMT+9), and thus abolishing timezone different within the area. # # Then Pacific theater of WWII started and Japan slowly lose control on the # island. The webpage I linked above contain no information during this # period of time.... # # After the end of WWII, in 1946 February, a document written by the # (former?) Japanese military personnel describe there are 3 hours time # different between Caroline islands time/Wake island time and the Chungking # time, which would mean the time being used there at the time was GMT+10. # # After that, the area become Trust Territories of the Pacific Islands # under American administration from year 1947. The site listed some # American/International books/maps/publications about time used in those # area during this period of time but they doesn't seems to be reliable # information so it would be the best if someone know where can more reliable # information can be found. # # # From Paul Eggert (2018-11-18): # # For the above, use vague dates like "1914" and "1945" for transitions that # plausibly exist but for which the details are not known. The information # for Wake is too sketchy to act on. # # The 1906 GMT+10 info about German-controlled islands might not have been # done, so omit it from the data for now. # # The Jaluit info governs Kwajalein. # Midway # From Charles T O'Connor, KMTH DJ (1956), # quoted in the KTMH section of the Radio Heritage Collection # (2002-12-31): # For the past two months we've been on what is known as Daylight # Saving Time. This time has put us on air at 5am in the morning, # your time down there in New Zealand. Starting September 2, 1956 # we'll again go back to Standard Time. This'll mean that we'll go to # air at 6am your time. # # From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23): # We don't know the date of that quote, but we'll guess they # started DST on June 3. Possibly DST was observed other years # in Midway, but we have no record of it. # Nauru # From Phake Nick (2018-10-31): # Currently, the tz database say Nauru use LMT until 1921, and then # switched to GMT+11:30 for the next two decades. # However, a number of timezone map published in America/Japan back then # showed its timezone as GMT+11 per https://wiki.suikawiki.org/n/ナウルの標準時 # And it would also be nice if the 1921 transition date could be sourced. # ... # The "Nauru Standard Time Act 1978 Time Change" # http://ronlaw.gov.nr/nauru_lpms/files/gazettes/4b23a17d2030150404db7a5fa5872f52.pdf#page=3 # based on "Nauru Standard Time Act 1978 Time Change" # http://www.paclii.org/nr/legis/num_act/nsta1978207/ defined that "Nauru # Alternative Time" (GMT+12) should be in effect from 1979 Feb. # # From Paul Eggert (2018-11-19): # The 1921-01-15 introduction of standard time is in Shanks; it is also in # "Standard Time Throughout the World", US National Bureau of Standards (1935), # page 3, which does not give the UT offset. In response to a comment by # Phake Nick I set the Nauru time of occupation by Japan to # 1942-08-29/1945-09-08 by using dates from: # https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_Nauru # Norfolk # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2015-09-23): # Norfolk Island will change ... from +1130 to +1100: # https://www.comlaw.gov.au/Details/F2015L01483/Explanatory%20Statement/Text # ... at 12.30 am (by legal time in New South Wales) on 4 October 2015. # http://www.norfolkisland.gov.nf/nia/MediaRelease/Media%20Release%20Norfolk%20Island%20Standard%20Time%20Change.pdf # From Paul Eggert (2019-08-28): # Transitions before 2015 are from timeanddate.com, which consulted # the Norfolk Island Museum and the Australian Bureau of Meteorology's # Norfolk Island station, and found no record of Norfolk observing DST # other than in 1974/5. See: # https://www.timeanddate.com/time/australia/norfolk-island.html # However, disagree with timeanddate about the 1975-03-02 transition; # timeanddate has 02:00 but 02:00s corresponds to what the NSW law said # (thanks to Michael Deckers). # Norfolk started observing Australian DST in spring 2019. # From Kyle Czech (2019-08-13): # https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/F2018L01702 # From Michael Deckers (2019-08-14): # https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/F2019C00010 # Palau # See commentary for Micronesia. # Pitcairn # From Rives McDow (1999-11-08): # A Proclamation was signed by the Governor of Pitcairn on the 27th March 1998 # with regard to Pitcairn Standard Time. The Proclamation is as follows. # # The local time for general purposes in the Islands shall be # Co-ordinated Universal time minus 8 hours and shall be known # as Pitcairn Standard Time. # # ... I have also seen Pitcairn listed as UTC minus 9 hours in several # references, and can only assume that this was an error in interpretation # somehow in light of this proclamation. # From Rives McDow (1999-11-09): # The Proclamation regarding Pitcairn time came into effect on 27 April 1998 # ... at midnight. # From Howie Phelps (1999-11-10), who talked to a Pitcairner via shortwave: # Betty Christian told me yesterday that their local time is the same as # Pacific Standard Time. They used to be ½ hour different from us here in # Sacramento but it was changed a couple of years ago. # (Western) Samoa and American Samoa # Howse writes (p 153) that after the 1879 standardization on Antipodean # time by the British governor of Fiji, the King of Samoa decided to change # "the date in his kingdom from the Antipodean to the American system, # ordaining - by a masterpiece of diplomatic flattery - that # the Fourth of July should be celebrated twice in that year." # This happened in 1892, according to the Evening News (Sydney) of 1892-07-20. # https://webspace.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/idl/idl_alaska_samoa.htm # Although Shanks & Pottenger says they both switched to UT -11:30 # in 1911, and to -11 in 1950. many earlier sources give -11 # for American Samoa, e.g., the US National Bureau of Standards # circular "Standard Time Throughout the World", 1932. # Assume American Samoa switched to -11 in 1911, not 1950, # and that after 1950 they agreed until (western) Samoa skipped a # day in 2011. Assume also that the Samoas follow the US and New # Zealand's "ST"/"DT" style of daylight-saving abbreviations. # Tonga # From Paul Eggert (2021-03-04): # In 1943 "The standard time kept is 12 hrs. 19 min. 12 sec. fast # on Greenwich mean time." according to the Admiralty's Hydrographic # Dept., Pacific Islands Pilot, Vol. II, 7th ed., 1943, p 360. # From Michael Deckers (2021-03-03): # [Ian R Bartky: "One Time Fits All: The Campaigns for Global Uniformity". # Stanford University Press. 2007. p. 255]: # On 10 September 1945 Tonga adopted a standard time 12 hours, # 20 minutes in advance of Greenwich. # From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): # Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (p 1) reports that "Tonga has been plotting # to sneak ahead of [New Zealanders] by introducing daylight-saving time." # Since Kiribati has moved the Date Line it's not clear what Tonga will do. # Don Mundell writes in the 1997-02-20 Tonga Chronicle # How Tonga became 'The Land where Time Begins': # http://www.tongatapu.net.to/tonga/homeland/timebegins.htm # # Until 1941 Tonga maintained a standard time 50 minutes ahead of NZST # 12 hours and 20 minutes ahead of GMT. When New Zealand adjusted its # standard time in 1940s, Tonga had the choice of subtracting from its # local time to come on the same standard time as New Zealand or of # advancing its time to maintain the differential of 13° # (approximately 50 minutes ahead of New Zealand time). # # Because His Majesty King Tāufaʻāhau Tupou IV, then Crown Prince # Tungī, preferred to ensure Tonga's title as the land where time # begins, the Legislative Assembly approved the latter change. # # But some of the older, more conservative members from the outer # islands objected. "If at midnight on Dec. 31, we move ahead 40 # minutes, as your Royal Highness wishes, what becomes of the 40 # minutes we have lost?" # # The Crown Prince, presented an unanswerable argument: "Remember that # on the World Day of Prayer, you would be the first people on Earth # to say your prayers in the morning." # # From Tim Parenti (2021-09-13), per Paul Eggert (2006-03-22) and Michael # Deckers (2021-03-03): # Mundell places the transition from +12:20 to +13 in 1941, while Shanks & # Pottenger say the transition was on 1968-10-01. # # The Air Almanac published contemporaneous tables of standard times, # which listed +12:20 as of Nov 1960 and +13 as of Mar 1961: # Nov 1960: https://books.google.com/books?id=bVgtWM6kPZUC&pg=SL1-PA19 # Mar 1961: https://books.google.com/books?id=W2nItAul4g0C&pg=SL1-PA19 # (Thanks to P Chan for pointing us toward these sources.) # This agrees with Bartky, who writes that "since 1961 [Tonga's] official time # has been thirteen hours in advance of Greenwich time" (p. 202) and further # writes in an endnote that this was because "the legislation was amended" on # 1960-10-19. (p. 255) # # Without greater specificity, presume that Bartky and the Air Almanac point to # a 1961-01-01 transition, as Tāufaʻāhau Tupou IV was still Crown Prince in # 1961 and this still jives with the gist of Mundell's telling, and go with # this over Shanks & Pottenger. # From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-03): # Tonga's director of tourism, who is also secretary of the National Millennium # Committee, has a plan to get Tonga back in front. # He has proposed a one-off move to tropical daylight saving for Tonga from # October to March, which has won approval in principle from the Tongan # Government. # From Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09): # * Tonga will introduce DST in November # # I was given this link by John Letts: # http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm # # I have not been able to find exact dates for the transition in November # yet. By reading this article it seems like Fiji will be 14 hours ahead # of UTC as well, but as far as I know Fiji will only be 13 hours ahead # (12 + 1 hour DST). # From Arthur David Olson (1999-09-20): # According to : # "Daylight Savings Time will take effect on Oct. 2 through April 15, 2000 # and annually thereafter from the first Saturday in October through the # third Saturday of April. Under the system approved by Privy Council on # Sept. 10, clocks must be turned ahead one hour on the opening day and # set back an hour on the closing date." # Alas, no indication of the time of day. # From Rives McDow (1999-10-06): # Tonga started its Daylight Saving on Saturday morning October 2nd at 0200am. # Daylight Saving ends on April 16 at 0300am which is Sunday morning. # From Steffen Thorsen (2000-10-31): # Back in March I found a notice on the website http://www.tongaonline.com # that Tonga changed back to standard time one month early, on March 19 # instead of the original reported date April 16. Unfortunately, the article # is no longer available on the site, and I did not make a copy of the # text, and I have forgotten to report it here. # (Original URL was ) # From Rives McDow (2000-12-01): # Tonga is observing DST as of 2000-11-04 and will stop on 2001-01-27. # From Sione Moala-Mafi (2001-09-20) via Rives McDow: # At 2:00am on the first Sunday of November, the standard time in the Kingdom # shall be moved forward by one hour to 3:00am. At 2:00am on the last Sunday # of January the standard time in the Kingdom shall be moved backward by one # hour to 1:00am. # From Pulu ʻAnau (2002-11-05): # The law was for 3 years, supposedly to get renewed. It wasn't. # From Pulu ʻAnau (2016-10-27): # http://mic.gov.to/news-today/press-releases/6375-daylight-saving-set-to-run-from-6-november-2016-to-15-january-2017 # Cannot find anyone who knows the rules, has seen the duration or has seen # the cabinet decision, but it appears we are following Fiji's rule set. # # From Tim Parenti (2016-10-26): # Assume Tonga will observe DST from the first Sunday in November at 02:00 # through the third Sunday in January at 03:00, like Fiji, for now. # From David Wade (2017-10-18): # In August government was dissolved by the King. The current prime minister # continued in office in care taker mode. It is easy to see that few # decisions will be made until elections 16th November. # # From Paul Eggert (2017-10-18): # For now, guess that DST is discontinued. That's what the IATA is guessing. ############################################################################### # The International Date Line # From Gwillim Law (2000-01-03): # # The International Date Line is not defined by any international standard, # convention, or treaty. Mapmakers are free to draw it as they please. # Reputable mapmakers will simply ensure that every point of land appears on # the correct side of the IDL, according to the date legally observed there. # # When Kiribati adopted a uniform date in 1995, thereby moving the Phoenix and # Line Islands to the west side of the IDL (or, if you prefer, moving the IDL # to the east side of the Phoenix and Line Islands), I suppose that most # mapmakers redrew the IDL following the boundary of Kiribati. Even that line # has a rather arbitrary nature. The straight-line boundaries between Pacific # island nations that are shown on many maps are based on an international # convention, but are not legally binding national borders.... The date is # governed by the IDL; therefore, even on the high seas, there may be some # places as late as fourteen hours later than UTC. And, since the IDL is not # an international standard, there are some places on the high seas where the # correct date is ambiguous. # From Wikipedia (2023-01-23): # The nautical time zone system is analogous to the terrestrial time zone # system for use on high seas. Under the system time changes are required for # changes of longitude in one-hour steps. The one-hour step corresponds to a # time zone width of 15° longitude. The 15° gore that is offset from GMT or # UT1 (not UTC) by twelve hours is bisected by the nautical date line into two # 7°30' gores that differ from GMT by ±12 hours. A nautical date line is # implied but not explicitly drawn on time zone maps. It follows the 180th # meridian except where it is interrupted by territorial waters adjacent to # land, forming gaps: it is a pole-to-pole dashed line. # From Paul Eggert (2023-01-23): # The American Practical Navigator , # 2019 edition, merely says that the International Date Line # "coincides with the 180th meridian over most of its length."