# tzdb data for Asia and environs # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. # This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to # tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see # the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution. # From Paul Eggert (2018-06-19): # # Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is: # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). # Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources. # # Many years ago Gwillim Law wrote that a good source # for time zone data was the International Air Transport # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries # of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted, # IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990. # # Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which # I found in the UCLA library. # # For data circa 1899, a common source is: # Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94. # https://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359 # # For Russian data circa 1919, a source is: # Byalokoz EL. New Counting of Time in Russia since July 1, 1919. # (See the 'europe' file for a fuller citation.) # # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). # # The following alphabetic abbreviations appear in these tables # (corrections are welcome): # std dst # LMT Local Mean Time # 2:00 EET EEST Eastern European Time # 2:00 IST IDT Israel # 5:30 IST India # 7:00 WIB west Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Barat) # 8:00 WITA central Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Tengah) # 8:00 CST China # 8:00 PST PDT* Philippine Standard Time # 8:30 KST KDT Korea when at +0830 # 9:00 WIT east Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Timur) # 9:00 JST JDT Japan # 9:00 KST KDT Korea when at +09 # 9:30 ACST Australian Central Standard Time # *I invented the abbreviation PDT; see "Philippines" below. # Otherwise, these tables typically use numeric abbreviations like +03 # and +0330 for integer hour and minute UT offsets. Although earlier # editions invented alphabetic time zone abbreviations for every # offset, this did not reflect common practice. # # See the 'europe' file for Russia and Turkey in Asia. # From Guy Harris: # Incorporates data for Singapore from Robert Elz' asia 1.1, as well as # additional information from Tom Yap, Sun Microsystems Intercontinental # Technical Support (including a page from the Official Airline Guide - # Worldwide Edition). ############################################################################### # These rules are stolen from the 'europe' file. # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule EUAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 S Rule EUAsia 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 - Rule EUAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u 0 - Rule E-EurAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 - Rule E-EurAsia 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - Rule E-EurAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 - Rule RussiaAsia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 - Rule RussiaAsia 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - Rule RussiaAsia 1984 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - Rule RussiaAsia 1985 2010 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - Rule RussiaAsia 1996 2010 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - # Afghanistan # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Asia/Kabul 4:36:48 - LMT 1890 4:00 - +04 1945 4:30 - +0430 # Armenia # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): # Shanks & Pottenger have Yerevan switching to 3:00 (with Russian DST) # in spring 1991, then to 4:00 with no DST in fall 1995, then # readopting Russian DST in 1997. Go with Shanks & Pottenger, even # when they disagree with others. Edgar Der-Danieliantz # reported (1996-05-04) that Yerevan probably wouldn't use DST # in 1996, though it did use DST in 1995. IATA SSIM (1991/1998) reports that # Armenia switched from 3:00 to 4:00 in 1998 and observed DST after 1991, # but started switching at 3:00s in 1998. # From Arthur David Olson (2011-06-15): # While Russia abandoned DST in 2011, Armenia may choose to # follow Russia's "old" rules. # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2012-02-10): # According to News Armenia, on Feb 9, 2012, # http://newsarmenia.ru/society/20120209/42609695.html # # The Armenia National Assembly adopted final reading of Amendments to the # Law "On procedure of calculation time on the territory of the Republic of # Armenia" according to which Armenia [is] abolishing Daylight Saving Time. # or # (brief) # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_armenia03.html # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Armenia 2011 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - Rule Armenia 2011 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Asia/Yerevan 2:58:00 - LMT 1924 May 2 3:00 - +03 1957 Mar 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 3:00 RussiaAsia +03/+04 1995 Sep 24 2:00s 4:00 - +04 1997 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 2011 4:00 Armenia +04/+05 # Azerbaijan # From Rustam Aliyev of the Azerbaijan Internet Forum (2005-10-23): # According to the resolution of Cabinet of Ministers, 1997 # From Paul Eggert (2015-09-17): It was Resolution No. 21 (1997-03-17). # http://code.az/files/daylight_res.pdf # From Steffen Thorsen (2016-03-17): # ... the Azerbaijani Cabinet of Ministers has cancelled switching to # daylight saving time.... # https://www.azernews.az/azerbaijan/94137.html # http://vestnikkavkaza.net/news/Azerbaijani-Cabinet-of-Ministers-cancels-daylight-saving-time.html # http://en.apa.az/xeber_azerbaijan_abolishes_daylight_savings_ti_240862.html # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Azer 1997 2015 - Mar lastSun 4:00 1:00 - Rule Azer 1997 2015 - Oct lastSun 5:00 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Asia/Baku 3:19:24 - LMT 1924 May 2 3:00 - +03 1957 Mar 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 3:00 RussiaAsia +03/+04 1992 Sep lastSun 2:00s 4:00 - +04 1996 4:00 EUAsia +04/+05 1997 4:00 Azer +04/+05 # Bahrain # See Asia/Qatar. # Bangladesh # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-05-13): # According to newspaper Asian Tribune (May 6, 2009) Bangladesh may introduce # Daylight Saving Time from June 16 to Sept 30 # # Bangladesh to introduce daylight saving time likely from June 16 # http://www.asiantribune.com/?q=node/17288 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh02.html # # "... Bangladesh government has decided to switch daylight saving time from # June # 16 till September 30 in a bid to ensure maximum use of daylight to cope with # crippling power crisis. " # # The switch will remain in effect from June 16 to Sept 30 (2009) but if # implemented the next year, it will come in force from April 1, 2010 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-06-02): # They have finally decided now, but changed the start date to midnight between # the 19th and 20th, and they have not set the end date yet. # # Some sources: # https://in.reuters.com/article/southAsiaNews/idINIndia-40017620090601 # http://bdnews24.com/details.php?id=85889&cid=2 # # Our wrap-up: # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/bangladesh-daylight-saving-2009.html # From A. N. M. Kamrus Saadat (2009-06-15): # Finally we've got the official mail regarding DST start time where DST start # time is mentioned as Jun 19 2009, 23:00 from BTRC (Bangladesh # Telecommunication Regulatory Commission). # # No DST end date has been announced yet. # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-25): # Bangladesh won't go back to Standard Time from October 1, 2009, # instead it will continue DST measure till the cabinet makes a fresh decision. # # Following report by same newspaper-"The Daily Star Friday": # "DST change awaits cabinet decision-Clock won't go back by 1-hr from Oct 1" # http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=107021 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh04.html # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-13): # IANS (Indo-Asian News Service) now reports: # Bangladesh has decided that the clock advanced by an hour to make # maximum use of daylight hours as an energy saving measure would # "continue for an indefinite period." # # One of many places where it is published: # http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/business/bangladesh-to-continue-indefinitely-with-advanced-time_100259987.html # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-12-24): # According to Bangladesh newspaper "The Daily Star," # Bangladesh will change its clock back to Standard Time on Dec 31, 2009. # # Clock goes back 1-hr on Dec 31 night. # http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=119228 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh05.html # # "...The government yesterday decided to put the clock back by one hour # on December 31 midnight and the new time will continue until March 31, # 2010 midnight. The decision came at a cabinet meeting at the Prime # Minister's Office last night..." # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-22): # According to Bangladesh newspaper "The Daily Star," # Cabinet cancels Daylight Saving Time # http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/latest_news.php?nid=22817 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh06.html # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Dhaka 2009 only - Jun 19 23:00 1:00 - Rule Dhaka 2009 only - Dec 31 24:00 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Asia/Dhaka 6:01:40 - LMT 1890 5:53:20 - HMT 1941 Oct # Howrah Mean Time? 6:30 - +0630 1942 May 15 5:30 - +0530 1942 Sep 6:30 - +0630 1951 Sep 30 6:00 - +06 2009 6:00 Dhaka +06/+07 # Bhutan # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Asia/Thimphu 5:58:36 - LMT 1947 Aug 15 # or Thimbu 5:30 - +0530 1987 Oct 6:00 - +06 # British Indian Ocean Territory # Whitman and the 1995 CIA time zone map say 5:00, but the # 1997 and later maps say 6:00. Assume the switch occurred in 1996. # We have no information as to when standard time was introduced; # assume it occurred in 1907, the same year as Mauritius (which # then contained the Chagos Archipelago). # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Indian/Chagos 4:49:40 - LMT 1907 5:00 - +05 1996 6:00 - +06 # Brunei # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Asia/Brunei 7:39:40 - LMT 1926 Mar # Bandar Seri Begawan 7:30 - +0730 1933 8:00 - +08 # Burma / Myanmar # Milne says 6:24:40 was the meridian of the time ball observatory at Rangoon. # From Paul Eggert (2017-04-20): # Page 27 of Reed & Low (cited for Asia/Kolkata) says "Rangoon local time is # used upon the railways and telegraphs of Burma, and is 6h. 24m. 47s. ahead # of Greenwich." This refers to the period before Burma's transition to +0630, # a transition for which Shanks is the only source. # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Asia/Yangon 6:24:47 - LMT 1880 # or Rangoon 6:24:47 - RMT 1920 # Rangoon local time 6:30 - +0630 1942 May 9:00 - +09 1945 May 3 6:30 - +0630 # Cambodia # See Asia/Bangkok. # China # From Paul Eggert (2018-10-02): # The following comes from Table 1 of: # Li Yu. Research on the daylight saving movement in 1940s Shanghai. # Nanjing Journal of Social Sciences. 2014;(2):144-50. # http://oversea.cnki.net/kns55/detail.aspx?dbname=CJFD2014&filename=NJSH201402020 # The table lists dates only; I am guessing 00:00 and 24:00 transition times. # Also, the table lists the planned end of DST in 1949, but the corresponding # zone line cuts this off on May 28, when the Communists took power. # # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Shang 1940 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D Rule Shang 1940 only - Oct 12 24:00 0 S Rule Shang 1941 only - Mar 15 0:00 1:00 D Rule Shang 1941 only - Nov 1 24:00 0 S Rule Shang 1942 only - Jan 31 0:00 1:00 D Rule Shang 1945 only - Sep 1 24:00 0 S Rule Shang 1946 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 D Rule Shang 1946 only - Sep 30 24:00 0 S Rule Shang 1947 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 D Rule Shang 1947 only - Oct 31 24:00 0 S Rule Shang 1948 1949 - May 1 0:00 1:00 D Rule Shang 1948 1949 - Sep 30 24:00 0 S #plan # From Guy Harris: # People's Republic of China. Yes, they really have only one time zone. # From Bob Devine (1988-01-28): # No they don't. See TIME mag, 1986-02-17 p.52. Even though # China is across 4 physical time zones, before Feb 1, 1986 only the # Peking (Beijing) time zone was recognized. Since that date, China # has two of 'em - Peking's and Ürümqi (named after the capital of # the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region). I don't know about DST for it. # # . . .I just deleted the DST table and this editor makes it too # painful to suck in another copy. So, here is what I have for # DST start/end dates for Peking's time zone (info from AP): # # 1986 May 4 - Sept 14 # 1987 mid-April - ?? # From U. S. Naval Observatory (1989-01-19): # CHINA 8 H AHEAD OF UTC ALL OF CHINA, INCL TAIWAN # CHINA 9 H AHEAD OF UTC APR 17 - SEP 10 # From Paul Eggert (2008-02-11): # Jim Mann, "A clumsy embrace for another western custom: China on daylight # time - sort of", Los Angeles Times, 1986-05-05 ... [says] that China began # observing daylight saving time in 1986. # From P Chan (2018-05-07): # The start and end time of DST in China [from 1986 on] should be 2:00 # (i.e. 2:00 to 3:00 at the start and 2:00 to 1:00 at the end).... # Government notices about summer time: # # 1986-04-12 http://www.zj.gov.cn/attach/zfgb/198608.pdf p.21-22 # (To establish summer time from 1986. On 4 May, set the clocks ahead one hour # at 2 am. On 14 September, set the clocks backward one hour at 2 am.) # # 1987-02-15 http://www.gov.cn/gongbao/shuju/1987/gwyb198703.pdf p.114 # (Summer time in 1987 to start from 12 April until 13 September) # # 1987-09-09 http://www.gov.cn/gongbao/shuju/1987/gwyb198721.pdf p.709 # (From 1988, summer time to start from 2 am of the first Sunday of mid-April # until 2 am of the first Sunday of mid-September) # # 1992-03-03 http://www.gov.cn/gongbao/shuju/1992/gwyb199205.pdf p.152 # (To suspend summer time from 1992) # # The first page of People's Daily on 12 April 1988 stating that summer time # to begin on 17 April. # http://data.people.com.cn/pic/101p/1988/04/1988041201.jpg # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule PRC 1986 only - May 4 2:00 1:00 D Rule PRC 1986 1991 - Sep Sun>=11 2:00 0 S Rule PRC 1987 1991 - Apr Sun>=11 2:00 1:00 D # From Anthony Fok (2001-12-20): # BTW, I did some research on-line and found some info regarding these five # historic timezones from some Taiwan websites. And yes, there are official # Chinese names for these locales (before 1949). # # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-07-14): # I have investigated the timezones around 1970 on the # https://www.astro.com/atlas site [with provinces and county # boundaries summarized below].... A few other exceptions were two # counties on the Sichuan side of the Xizang-Sichuan border, # counties Dege and Baiyu which lies on the Sichuan side and are # therefore supposed to be GMT+7, Xizang region being GMT+6, but Dege # county is GMT+8 according to astro.com while Baiyu county is GMT+6 # (could be true), for the moment I am assuming that those two # counties are mistakes in the astro.com data. # From Paul Eggert (2017-01-05): # Alois Treindl kindly sent me translations of the following two sources: # # (1) # Guo Qing-sheng (National Time-Service Center, CAS, Xi'an 710600, China) # Beijing Time at the Beginning of the PRC # China Historical Materials of Science and Technology # (Zhongguo ke ji shi liao, 中国科技史料). 2003;24(1):5-9. # http://oversea.cnki.net/kcms/detail/detail.aspx?filename=ZGKS200301000&dbname=CJFD2003 # It gives evidence that at the beginning of the PRC, Beijing time was # officially apparent solar time! However, Guo also says that the # evidence is dubious, as the relevant institute of astronomy had not # been taken over by the PRC yet. It's plausible that apparent solar # time was announced but never implemented, and that people continued # to use UT+8. As the Shanghai radio station (and I presume the # observatory) was still under control of French missionaries, it # could well have ignored any such mandate. # # (2) # Guo Qing-sheng (Shaanxi Astronomical Observatory, CAS, Xi'an 710600, China) # A Study on the Standard Time Changes for the Past 100 Years in China # [undated and unknown publication location] # It says several things: # * The Qing dynasty used local apparent solar time throughout China. # * The Republic of China instituted Beijing mean solar time effective # the official calendar book of 1914. # * The French Concession in Shanghai set up signal stations in # French docks in the 1890s, controlled by Xujiahui (Zikawei) # Observatory and set to local mean time. # * "From the end of the 19th century" it changed to UT+8. # * Chinese Customs (by then reduced to a tool of foreign powers) # eventually standardized on this time for all ports, and it # became used by railways as well. # * In 1918 the Central Observatory proposed dividing China into # five time zones (see below for details). This caught on # at first only in coastal areas observing UT+8. # * During WWII all of China was in theory was at UT+7. In practice # this was ignored in the west, and I presume was ignored in # Japanese-occupied territory. # * Japanese-occupied Manchuria was at UT+9, i.e., Japan time. # * The five-zone plan was resurrected after WWII and officially put into # place (with some modifications) in March 1948. It's not clear # how well it was observed in areas under Nationalist control. # * The People's Liberation Army used UT+8 during the civil war. # # An AP article "Shanghai Internat'l Area Little Changed" in the # Lewiston (ME) Daily Sun (1939-05-29), p 17, said "Even the time is # different - the occupied districts going by Tokyo time, an hour # ahead of that prevailing in the rest of Shanghai." Guess that the # Xujiahui Observatory was under French control and stuck with UT +08. # # In earlier versions of this file, China had many separate Zone entries, but # this was based on what were apparently incorrect data in Shanks & Pottenger. # This has now been simplified to the two entries Asia/Shanghai and # Asia/Urumqi, with the others being links for backward compatibility. # Proposed in 1918 and theoretically in effect until 1949 (although in practice # mainly observed in coastal areas), the five zones were: # # Changbai Time ("Long-white Time", Long-white = Heilongjiang area) UT +08:30 # Now part of Asia/Shanghai; its pre-1970 times are not recorded here. # Heilongjiang (except Mohe county), Jilin # # Zhongyuan Time ("Central plain Time") UT +08 # Now part of Asia/Shanghai. # most of China # Milne gives 8:05:43.2 for Xujiahui Observatory time; round to nearest. # Guo says Shanghai switched to UT +08 "from the end of the 19th century". # # Long-shu Time (probably as Long and Shu were two names of the area) UT +07 # Now part of Asia/Shanghai; its pre-1970 times are not recorded here. # Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Ningxia, Sichuan, Shaanxi, and Yunnan; # most of Gansu; west Inner Mongolia; east Qinghai; and the Guangdong # counties Deqing, Enping, Kaiping, Luoding, Taishan, Xinxing, # Yangchun, Yangjiang, Yu'nan, and Yunfu. # # Xin-zang Time ("Xinjiang-Tibet Time") UT +06 # This region is now part of either Asia/Urumqi or Asia/Shanghai with # current boundaries uncertain; times before 1970 for areas that # disagree with Ürümqi or Shanghai are not recorded here. # The Gansu counties Aksay, Anxi, Dunhuang, Subei; west Qinghai; # the Guangdong counties Xuwen, Haikang, Suixi, Lianjiang, # Zhanjiang, Wuchuan, Huazhou, Gaozhou, Maoming, Dianbai, and Xinyi; # east Tibet, including Lhasa, Chamdo, Shigaise, Jimsar, Shawan and Hutubi; # east Xinjiang, including Ürümqi, Turpan, Karamay, Korla, Minfeng, Jinghe, # Wusu, Qiemo, Xinyan, Wulanwusu, Jinghe, Yumin, Tacheng, Tuoli, Emin, # Shihezi, Changji, Yanqi, Heshuo, Tuokexun, Tulufan, Shanshan, Hami, # Fukang, Kuitun, Kumukuli, Miquan, Qitai, and Turfan. # # Kunlun Time UT +05:30 # This region is now in the same status as Xin-zang Time (see above). # West Tibet, including Pulan, Aheqi, Shufu, Shule; # West Xinjiang, including Aksu, Atushi, Yining, Hetian, Cele, Luopu, Nileke, # Zhaosu, Tekesi, Gongliu, Chabuchaer, Huocheng, Bole, Pishan, Suiding, # and Yarkand. # From Luther Ma (2009-10-17): # Almost all (>99.9%) ethnic Chinese (properly ethnic Han) living in # Xinjiang use Chinese Standard Time. Some are aware of Xinjiang time, # but have no need of it. All planes, trains, and schools function on # what is called "Beijing time." When Han make an appointment in Chinese # they implicitly use Beijing time. # # On the other hand, ethnic Uyghurs, who make up about half the # population of Xinjiang, typically use "Xinjiang time" which is two # hours behind Beijing time, or UT +06. The government of the Xinjiang # Uyghur Autonomous Region, (XAUR, or just Xinjiang for short) as well as # local governments such as the Ürümqi city government use both times in # publications, referring to what is popularly called Xinjiang time as # "Ürümqi time." When Uyghurs make an appointment in the Uyghur language # they almost invariably use Xinjiang time. # # (Their ethnic Han compatriots would typically have no clue of its # widespread use, however, because so extremely few of them are fluent in # Uyghur, comparable to the number of Anglo-Americans fluent in Navajo.) # # (...As with the rest of China there was a brief interval ending in 1990 # or 1991 when summer time was in use. The confusion was severe, with # the province not having dual times but four times in use at the same # time. Some areas remained on standard Xinjiang time or Beijing time and # others moving their clocks ahead.) # From Luther Ma (2009-11-19): # With the risk of being redundant to previous answers these are the most common # English "transliterations" (w/o using non-English symbols): # # 1. Wulumuqi... # 2. Kashi... # 3. Urumqi... # 4. Kashgar... # ... # 5. It seems that Uyghurs in Ürümqi has been using Xinjiang since at least the # 1960's. I know of one Han, now over 50, who grew up in the surrounding # countryside and used Xinjiang time as a child. # # 6. Likewise for Kashgar and the rest of south Xinjiang I don't know of any # start date for Xinjiang time. # # Without having access to local historical records, nor the ability to legally # publish them, I would go with October 1, 1949, when Xinjiang became the Uyghur # Autonomous Region under the PRC. (Before that Uyghurs, of course, would also # not be using Beijing time, but some local time.) # From David Cochrane (2014-03-26): # Just a confirmation that Ürümqi time was implemented in Ürümqi on 1 Feb 1986: # https://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,960684,00.html # From Luther Ma (2014-04-22): # I have interviewed numerous people of various nationalities and from # different localities in Xinjiang and can confirm the information in Guo's # report regarding Xinjiang, as well as the Time article reference by David # Cochrane. Whether officially recognized or not (and both are officially # recognized), two separate times have been in use in Xinjiang since at least # the Cultural Revolution: Xinjiang Time (XJT), aka Ürümqi Time or local time; # and Beijing Time. There is no confusion in Xinjiang as to which name refers # to which time. Both are widely used in the province, although in some # population groups might be use one to the exclusion of the other. The only # problem is that computers and smart phones list Ürümqi (or Kashgar) as # having the same time as Beijing. # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30): # In the early days of the PRC, Tibet was given its own time zone (UT +06) # but this was withdrawn in 1959 and never reinstated; see Tubten Khétsun, # Memories of life in Lhasa under Chinese Rule, Columbia U Press, ISBN # 978-0231142861 (2008), translator's introduction by Matthew Akester, p x. # As this is before our 1970 cutoff, Tibet doesn't need a separate zone. # # Xinjiang Time is well-documented as being officially recognized. E.g., see # "The Working-Calendar for The Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Government" # (2014-04-22). # Unfortunately, we have no good records of time in Xinjiang before 1986. # During the 20th century parts of Xinjiang were ruled by the Qing dynasty, # the Republic of China, various warlords, the First and Second East Turkestan # Republics, the Soviet Union, the Kuomintang, and the People's Republic of # China, and tracking down all these organizations' timekeeping rules would be # quite a trick. Approximate this lost history by a transition from LMT to # UT +06 at the start of 1928, the year of accession of the warlord Jin Shuren, # which happens to be the date given by Shanks & Pottenger (no doubt as a # guess) as the transition from LMT. Ignore the usage of +08 before # 1986-02-01 under the theory that the transition date to +08 is unknown and # that the sort of users who prefer Asia/Urumqi now typically ignored the # +08 mandate back then. # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] # Beijing time, used throughout China; represented by Shanghai. Zone Asia/Shanghai 8:05:43 - LMT 1901 8:00 Shang C%sT 1949 May 28 8:00 PRC C%sT # Xinjiang time, used by many in western China; represented by Ürümqi / Ürümchi # / Wulumuqi. (Please use Asia/Shanghai if you prefer Beijing time.) Zone Asia/Urumqi 5:50:20 - LMT 1928 6:00 - +06 # Hong Kong (Xianggang) # Milne gives 7:36:41.7; round this. # From Lee Yiu Chung (2009-10-24): # I found there are some mistakes for the...DST rule for Hong # Kong. [According] to the DST record from Hong Kong Observatory (actually, # it is not [an] observatory, but the official meteorological agency of HK, # and also serves as the official timing agency), there are some missing # and incorrect rules. Although the exact switch over time is missing, I # think 3:30 is correct. The official DST record for Hong Kong can be # obtained from # http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm # From Phake Nick (2018-10-27): # According to Singaporean newspaper # http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/singfreepresswk19041102-1.2.37 # the day that Hong Kong start using GMT+8 should be Oct 30, 1904. # # From Paul Eggert (2018-11-17): # Hong Kong had a time ball near the Marine Police Station, Tsim Sha Tsui. # "The ball was raised manually each day and dropped at exactly 1pm # (except on Sundays and Government holidays)." # Dyson AD. From Time Ball to Atomic Clock. Hong Kong Government. 1983. # # "From 1904 October 30 the time-ball at Hong Kong has been dropped by order # of the Governor of the Colony at 17h 0m 0s G.M.T., which is 23m 18s.14 in # advance of 1h 0m 0s of Hong Kong mean time." # Hollis HP. Universal Time, Longitudes, and Geodesy. Mon Not R Astron Soc. # 1905-02-10;65(4):405-6. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/65.4.382 # # From Joseph Myers (2018-11-18): # An astronomer before 1925 referring to GMT would have been using the old # astronomical convention where the day started at noon, not midnight. # # From Steve Allen (2018-11-17): # Meteorological Observations made at the Hongkong Observatory in the year 1904 # page 4 # ... the log of drop times in Table II shows that on Sunday 1904-10-30 the # ball was dropped. So that looks like a special case drop for the sake # of broadcasting the new local time. # # From Phake Nick (2018-11-18): # According to The Hong Kong Weekly Press, 1904-10-29, p.324, the # governor of Hong Kong at the time stated that "We are further desired to # make it known that the change will be effected by firing the gun and by the # dropping of the Ball at 23min. 18sec. before one." # From Paul Eggert (2018-11-18): # See for this; unfortunately Flash is required. # From Phake Nick (2018-10-26): # I went to check microfilm records stored at Hong Kong Public Library.... # on September 30 1941, according to Ta Kung Pao (Hong Kong edition), it was # stated that fallback would occur on the next day (the 1st)'s "03:00 am (Hong # Kong Time 04:00 am)" and the clock will fall back for a half hour. (03:00 # probably refer to the time commonly used in mainland China at the time given # the paper's background) ... the sunrise/sunset time given by South China # Morning Post for October 1st was indeed moved by half an hour compares to # before. After that, in December, the battle to capture Hong Kong started and # the library doesn't seems to have any record stored about press during that # period of time. Some media resumed publication soon after that within the # same month, but there were not much information about time there. Later they # started including a radio program guide when they restored radio service, # explicitly mentioning it use Tokyo standard time, and later added a note # saying it's half an hour ahead of the old Hong Kong standard time, and it # also seems to indicate that Hong Kong was not using GMT+8 when it was # captured by Japan. # # Image of related sections on newspaper: # * 1941-09-30, Ta Kung Pao (Hong Kong), "Winter Time start tomorrow". # https://i.imgur.com/6waY51Z.jpg (Chinese) # * 1941-09-29, South China Morning Post, Information on sunrise/sunset # time and other things for September 30 and October 1. # https://i.imgur.com/kCiUR78.jpg # * 1942-02-05. The Hong Kong News, Radio Program Guide. # https://i.imgur.com/eVvDMzS.jpg # * 1941-06-14. Hong Kong Daily Press, Daylight Saving from 3am Tomorrow. # https://i.imgur.com/05KkvtC.png # * 1941-09-30, Hong Kong Daily Press, Winter Time Warning. # https://i.imgur.com/dge4kFJ.png # Also, the Liberation day of Hong Kong after WWII which British rule # over the territory resumed was August 30, 1945, which I think should # be the termination date for the use of JST in the territory.... # From Paul Eggert (2018-11-17): # Here are the dates given at # https://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm # as of 2014-06-19: # Year Period # 1941 15 Jun to 30 Sep # 1942 Whole year # 1943 Whole year # 1944 Whole year # 1945 Whole year # 1946 20 Apr to 1 Dec # 1947 13 Apr to 30 Dec # 1948 2 May to 31 Oct # 1949 3 Apr to 30 Oct # 1950 2 Apr to 29 Oct # 1951 1 Apr to 28 Oct # 1952 6 Apr to 2 Nov # 1953 5 Apr to 1 Nov # 1954 21 Mar to 31 Oct # 1955 20 Mar to 6 Nov # 1956 18 Mar to 4 Nov # 1957 24 Mar to 3 Nov # 1958 23 Mar to 2 Nov # 1959 22 Mar to 1 Nov # 1960 20 Mar to 6 Nov # 1961 19 Mar to 5 Nov # 1962 18 Mar to 4 Nov # 1963 24 Mar to 3 Nov # 1964 22 Mar to 1 Nov # 1965 18 Apr to 17 Oct # 1966 17 Apr to 16 Oct # 1967 16 Apr to 22 Oct # 1968 21 Apr to 20 Oct # 1969 20 Apr to 19 Oct # 1970 19 Apr to 18 Oct # 1971 18 Apr to 17 Oct # 1972 16 Apr to 22 Oct # 1973 22 Apr to 21 Oct # 1973/74 30 Dec 73 to 20 Oct 74 # 1975 20 Apr to 19 Oct # 1976 18 Apr to 17 Oct # 1977 Nil # 1978 Nil # 1979 13 May to 21 Oct # 1980 to Now Nil # The page does not give times of day for transitions, # or dates for the 1942 and 1945 transitions. # The Japanese occupation of Hong Kong began 1941-12-25. # The Japanese surrender of Hong Kong was signed 1945-09-16; see: # Heaver S. The days after the Pacific war ended: unsettling times # in Hong Kong. Post Magazine. 2016-06-13. # https://www.scmp.com/magazines/post-magazine/article/1852990/days-after-pacific-war-ended-unsettling-times-hong-kong # For lack of anything better, use start of those days as the # transition times. # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule HK 1946 only - Apr 20 3:30 1:00 S Rule HK 1946 only - Dec 1 3:30 0 - Rule HK 1947 only - Apr 13 3:30 1:00 S Rule HK 1947 only - Dec 30 3:30 0 - Rule HK 1948 only - May 2 3:30 1:00 S Rule HK 1948 1951 - Oct lastSun 3:30 0 - Rule HK 1952 1953 - Nov Sun>=1 3:30 0 - Rule HK 1949 1953 - Apr Sun>=1 3:30 1:00 S Rule HK 1954 1964 - Mar Sun>=18 3:30 1:00 S Rule HK 1954 only - Oct 31 3:30 0 - Rule HK 1955 1964 - Nov Sun>=1 3:30 0 - Rule HK 1965 1976 - Apr Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S Rule HK 1965 1976 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 - Rule HK 1973 only - Dec 30 3:30 1:00 S Rule HK 1979 only - May Sun>=8 3:30 1:00 S Rule HK 1979 only - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Asia/Hong_Kong 7:36:42 - LMT 1904 Oct 30 0:36:42 8:00 - HKT 1941 Jun 15 3:30 8:00 1:00 HKST 1941 Oct 1 4:00 8:30 - HKT 1941 Dec 25 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 16 8:00 HK HK%sT ############################################################################### # Taiwan # From smallufo (2010-04-03): # According to Taiwan's CWB [Central Weather Bureau], # http://www.cwb.gov.tw/V6/astronomy/cdata/summert.htm # Taipei has DST in 1979 between July 1st and Sep 30. # From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2013-07-12): # On Dec 28, 1895, the Meiji Emperor announced Ordinance No. 167 of # Meiji Year 28 "The clause about standard time", mentioned that # Taiwan and Penghu Islands, as well as Yaeyama and Miyako Islands # (both in Okinawa) adopt the Western Standard Time which is based on # 120E. The adoption began from Jan 1, 1896. The original text can be # found on Wikisource: # https://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/標準時ニ關スル件_(公布時) # ... This could be the first adoption of time zone in Taiwan, because # during the Qing Dynasty, it seems that there was no time zone # declared officially. # # Later, in the beginning of World War II, on Sep 25, 1937, the Showa # Emperor announced Ordinance No. 529 of Showa Year 12 "The clause of # revision in the ordinance No. 167 of Meiji year 28 about standard # time", in which abolished the adoption of Western Standard Time in # western islands (listed above), which means the whole Japan # territory, including later occupations, adopt Japan Central Time # (UT+9). The adoption began on Oct 1, 1937. The original text can # be found on Wikisource: # https://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/明治二十八年勅令第百六十七號標準時ニ關スル件中改正ノ件 # # That is, the time zone of Taipei switched to UT+9 on Oct 1, 1937. # From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2014-07-02): # I've found more evidence about when the time zone was switched from UT+9 # back to UT+8 after WW2. I believe it was on Sep 21, 1945. In a document # during Japanese era [1] in which the officer told the staff to change time # zone back to Western Standard Time (UT+8) on Sep 21. And in another # history page of National Cheng Kung University [2], on Sep 21 there is a # note "from today, switch back to Western Standard Time". From these two # materials, I believe that the time zone change happened on Sep 21. And # today I have found another monthly journal called "The Astronomical Herald" # from The Astronomical Society of Japan [3] in which it mentioned the fact # that: # # 1. Standard Time of the Country (Japan) was adopted on Jan 1, 1888, using # the time at 135E (GMT+9) # # 2. Standard Time of the Country was renamed to Central Standard Time, on Jan # 1, 1898, and on the same day, the new territories Taiwan and Penghu islands, # as well as Yaeyama and Miyako islands, adopted a new time zone called # Western Standard Time, which is in GMT+8. # # 3. Western Standard Time was deprecated on Sep 30, 1937. From then all the # territories of Japan adopted the same time zone, which is Central Standard # Time. # # [1] Academica Historica, Taiwan: # http://163.29.208.22:8080/govsaleShowImage/connect_img.php?s=00101738900090036&e=00101738900090037 # [2] Nat'l Cheng Kung University 70th Anniversary Special Site: # http://www.ncku.edu.tw/~ncku70/menu/001/01_01.htm # [3] Yukio Niimi, The Standard Time in Japan (1997), p.475: # http://www.asj.or.jp/geppou/archive_open/1997/pdf/19971001c.pdf # Yu-Cheng Chuang (2014-07-03): # I finally have found the real official gazette about changing back to # Western Standard Time on Sep 21 in Taiwan. It's Taiwan Governor-General # Bulletin No. 386 in Showa 20 years (1945), published on Sep 19, 1945. [1] ... # [It] abolishes Bulletin No. 207 in Showa 12 years (1937), which is a local # bulletin in Taiwan for that Ordinance No. 529. It also mentioned that 1am on # Sep 21, 1945 will be 12am on Sep 21. I think this bulletin is much more # official than the one I mentioned in my first mail, because it's from the # top-level government in Taiwan. If you're going to quote any resource, this # would be a good one. # [1] Taiwan Governor-General Gazette, No. 1018, Sep 19, 1945: # http://db2.th.gov.tw/db2/view/viewImg.php?imgcode=0072031018a&num=19&bgn=019&end=019&otherImg=&type=gener # From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2014-07-02): # In 1946, DST in Taiwan was from May 15 and ended on Sep 30. The info from # Central Weather Bureau website was not correct. # # Original Bulletin: # http://subtpg.tpg.gov.tw/og/image2.asp?f=03502F0AKM1AF # http://subtpg.tpg.gov.tw/og/image2.asp?f=0350300AKM1B0 (cont.) # # In 1947, DST in Taiwan was expanded to Oct 31. There is a backup of that # telegram announcement from Taiwan Province Government: # # http://subtpg.tpg.gov.tw/og/image2.asp?f=0360310AKZ431 # # Here is a brief translation: # # The Summer Time this year is adopted from midnight Apr 15 until Sep 20 # midnight. To save (energy?) consumption, we're expanding Summer Time # adoption till Oct 31 midnight. # # The Central Weather Bureau website didn't mention that, however it can # be found from historical government announcement database. # From Paul Eggert (2014-07-03): # As per Yu-Cheng Chuang, say that Taiwan was at UT +09 from 1937-10-01 # until 1945-09-21 at 01:00, overriding Shanks & Pottenger. # Likewise, use Yu-Cheng Chuang's data for DST in Taiwan. # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Taiwan 1946 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 D Rule Taiwan 1946 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 S Rule Taiwan 1947 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 D Rule Taiwan 1947 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 S Rule Taiwan 1948 1951 - May 1 0:00 1:00 D Rule Taiwan 1948 1951 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S Rule Taiwan 1952 only - Mar 1 0:00 1:00 D Rule Taiwan 1952 1954 - Nov 1 0:00 0 S Rule Taiwan 1953 1959 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D Rule Taiwan 1955 1961 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S Rule Taiwan 1960 1961 - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S Rule Taiwan 1979 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 D Rule Taiwan 1979 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 S # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] # Taipei or Taibei or T'ai-pei Zone Asia/Taipei 8:06:00 - LMT 1896 Jan 1 8:00 - CST 1937 Oct 1 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 21 1:00 8:00 Taiwan C%sT # Macau (Macao, Aomen) # # From P Chan (2018-05-10): # * LegisMac # http://legismac.safp.gov.mo/legismac/descqry/Descqry.jsf?lang=pt # A database for searching titles of legal documents of Macau in # Chinese and Portuguese. The term "HORÁRIO DE VERÃO" can be used for # searching decrees about summer time. # * Archives of Macao # http://www.archives.gov.mo/en/bo/ # It contains images of old official gazettes. # * The Macao Meteorological and Geophysical Bureau have a page listing the # summer time history. But it is not complete and has some mistakes. # http://www.smg.gov.mo/smg/geophysics/e_t_Summer%20Time.htm # Macau adopted GMT+8 on 30 Oct 1904 to follow Hong Kong. Clocks were # advanced by 25 minutes and 50 seconds. Which means the LMT used was # +7:34:10. As stated in the "Portaria No. 204" dated 21 October 1904 # and published in the Official Gazette on 29 October 1904. # http://igallery.icm.gov.mo/Images/Archives/BO/MO_AH_PUB_BO_1904_10/MO_AH_PUB_BO_1904_10_00025_Grey.JPG # # Therefore the 1911 decree of Portugal did not change time in Macau. # # From LegisMac, here is a list of decrees that changed the time ... # [Decree Gazette-no. date; titles omitted in this quotation] # DIL 732 BOCM 51 1941.12.20 # DIL 764 BOCM 9S 1942.04.30 # DIL 781 BOCM 21 1942.10.10 # PT 3434 BOCM 8S 1943.04.17 # PT 3504 BOCM 20 1943.09.25 # PT 3843 BOCM 39 1945.09.29 # PT 3961 BOCM 17 1946.04.27 # PT 4026 BOCM 39 1946.09.28 # PT 4153 BOCM 16 1947.04.10 # PT 4271 BOCM 48 1947.11.29 # PT 4374 BOCM 18 1948.05.01 # PT 4465 BOCM 44 1948.10.30 # PT 4590 BOCM 14 1949.04.02 # PT 4666 BOCM 44 1949.10.29 # PT 4771 BOCM 12 1950.03.25 # PT 4838 BOCM 43 1950.10.28 # PT 4946 BOCM 12 1951.03.24 # PT 5025 BO 43 1951.10.27 # PT 5149 BO 14 1952.04.05 # PT 5251 BO 43 1952.10.25 # PT 5366 BO 13 1953.03.28 # PT 5444 BO 44 1953.10.31 # PT 5540 BO 12 1954.03.20 # PT 5589 BO 44 1954.10.30 # PT 5676 BO 12 1955.03.19 # PT 5739 BO 45 1955.11.05 # PT 5823 BO 11 1956.03.17 # PT 5891 BO 44 1956.11.03 # PT 5981 BO 12 1957.03.23 # PT 6064 BO 43 1957.10.26 # PT 6172 BO 12 1958.03.22 # PT 6243 BO 43 1958.10.25 # PT 6341 BO 12 1959.03.21 # PT 6411 BO 43 1959.10.24 # PT 6514 BO 11 1960.03.12 # PT 6584 BO 44 1960.10.29 # PT 6721 BO 10 1961.03.11 # PT 6815 BO 43 1961.10.28 # PT 6947 BO 10 1962.03.10 # PT 7080 BO 43 1962.10.27 # PT 7218 BO 12 1963.03.23 # PT 7340 BO 43 1963.10.26 # PT 7491 BO 11 1964.03.14 # PT 7664 BO 43 1964.10.24 # PT 7846 BO 15 1965.04.10 # PT 7979 BO 42 1965.10.16 # PT 8146 BO 15 1966.04.09 # PT 8252 BO 41 1966.10.08 # PT 8429 BO 15 1967.04.15 # PT 8540 BO 41 1967.10.14 # PT 8735 BO 15 1968.04.13 # PT 8860 BO 41 1968.10.12 # PT 9035 BO 16 1969.04.19 # PT 9156 BO 42 1969.10.18 # PT 9328 BO 15 1970.04.11 # PT 9418 BO 41 1970.10.10 # PT 9587 BO 14 1971.04.03 # PT 9702 BO 41 1971.10.09 # PT 38-A/72 BO 14 1972.04.01 # PT 126-A/72 BO 41 1972.10.07 # PT 61/73 BO 14 1973.04.07 # PT 182/73 BO 40 1973.10.06 # PT 282/73 BO 51 1973.12.22 # PT 177/74 BO 41 1974.10.12 # PT 51/75 BO 15 1975.04.12 # PT 173/75 BO 41 1975.10.11 # PT 67/76/M BO 14 1976.04.03 # PT 169/76/M BO 41 1976.10.09 # PT 78/79/M BO 19 1979.05.12 # PT 166/79/M BO 42 1979.10.20 # Note that DIL 732 does not belong to "HORÁRIO DE VERÃO" according to # LegisMac.... Note that between 1942 and 1945, the time switched # between GMT+9 and GMT+10. Also in 1965 and 1965 the DST ended at 2:30am. # From Paul Eggert (2018-05-10): # The 1904 decree says that Macau changed from the meridian of # Fortaleza do Monte, presumably the basis for the 7:34:10 for LMT. # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Macau 1942 1943 - Apr 30 23:00 1:00 - Rule Macau 1942 only - Nov 17 23:00 0 - Rule Macau 1943 only - Sep 30 23:00 0 S Rule Macau 1946 only - Apr 30 23:00s 1:00 D Rule Macau 1946 only - Sep 30 23:00s 0 S Rule Macau 1947 only - Apr 19 23:00s 1:00 D Rule Macau 1947 only - Nov 30 23:00s 0 S Rule Macau 1948 only - May 2 23:00s 1:00 D Rule Macau 1948 only - Oct 31 23:00s 0 S Rule Macau 1949 1950 - Apr Sat>=1 23:00s 1:00 D Rule Macau 1949 1950 - Oct lastSat 23:00s 0 S Rule Macau 1951 only - Mar 31 23:00s 1:00 D Rule Macau 1951 only - Oct 28 23:00s 0 S Rule Macau 1952 1953 - Apr Sat>=1 23:00s 1:00 D Rule Macau 1952 only - Nov 1 23:00s 0 S Rule Macau 1953 1954 - Oct lastSat 23:00s 0 S Rule Macau 1954 1956 - Mar Sat>=17 23:00s 1:00 D Rule Macau 1955 only - Nov 5 23:00s 0 S Rule Macau 1956 1964 - Nov Sun>=1 03:30 0 S Rule Macau 1957 1964 - Mar Sun>=18 03:30 1:00 D Rule Macau 1965 1973 - Apr Sun>=16 03:30 1:00 D Rule Macau 1965 1966 - Oct Sun>=16 02:30 0 S Rule Macau 1967 1976 - Oct Sun>=16 03:30 0 S Rule Macau 1973 only - Dec 30 03:30 1:00 D Rule Macau 1975 1976 - Apr Sun>=16 03:30 1:00 D Rule Macau 1979 only - May 13 03:30 1:00 D Rule Macau 1979 only - Oct Sun>=16 03:30 0 S # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Asia/Macau 7:34:10 - LMT 1904 Oct 30 8:00 - CST 1941 Dec 21 23:00 9:00 Macau +09/+10 1945 Sep 30 24:00 8:00 Macau C%sT ############################################################################### # Cyprus # Milne says the Eastern Telegraph Company used 2:14:00. Stick with LMT. # IATA SSIM (1998-09) has Cyprus using EU rules for the first time. # From Paul Eggert (2016-09-09): # Yesterday's Cyprus Mail reports that Northern Cyprus followed Turkey's # lead and switched from +02/+03 to +03 year-round. # http://cyprus-mail.com/2016/09/08/two-time-zones-cyprus-turkey-will-not-turn-clocks-back-next-month/ # # From Even Scharning (2016-10-31): # Looks like the time zone split in Cyprus went through last night. # http://cyprus-mail.com/2016/10/30/cyprus-new-division-two-time-zones-now-reality/ # From Paul Eggert (2017-10-18): # Northern Cyprus will reinstate winter time on October 29, thus # staying in sync with the rest of Cyprus. See: Anastasiou A. # Cyprus to remain united in time. Cyprus Mail 2017-10-17. # https://cyprus-mail.com/2017/10/17/cyprus-remain-united-time/ # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Cyprus 1975 only - Apr 13 0:00 1:00 S Rule Cyprus 1975 only - Oct 12 0:00 0 - Rule Cyprus 1976 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S Rule Cyprus 1976 only - Oct 11 0:00 0 - Rule Cyprus 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S Rule Cyprus 1977 only - Sep 25 0:00 0 - Rule Cyprus 1978 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - Rule Cyprus 1979 1997 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - Rule Cyprus 1981 1998 - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Asia/Nicosia 2:13:28 - LMT 1921 Nov 14 2:00 Cyprus EE%sT 1998 Sep 2:00 EUAsia EE%sT Zone Asia/Famagusta 2:15:48 - LMT 1921 Nov 14 2:00 Cyprus EE%sT 1998 Sep 2:00 EUAsia EE%sT 2016 Sep 8 3:00 - +03 2017 Oct 29 1:00u 2:00 EUAsia EE%sT # Classically, Cyprus belongs to Asia; e.g. see Herodotus, Histories, I.72. # However, for various reasons many users expect to find it under Europe. Link Asia/Nicosia Europe/Nicosia # Georgia # From Paul Eggert (1994-11-19): # Today's _Economist_ (p 60) reports that Georgia moved its clocks forward # an hour recently, due to a law proposed by Zurab Murvanidze, # an MP who went on a hunger strike for 11 days to force discussion about it! # We have no details, but we'll guess they didn't move the clocks back in fall. # # From Mathew Englander, quoting AP (1996-10-23 13:05-04): # Instead of putting back clocks at the end of October, Georgia # will stay on daylight savings time this winter to save energy, # President Eduard Shevardnadze decreed Wednesday. # # From the BBC via Joseph S. Myers (2004-06-27): # # Georgia moved closer to Western Europe on Sunday... The former Soviet # republic has changed its time zone back to that of Moscow. As a result it # is now just four hours ahead of Greenwich Mean Time, rather than five hours # ahead. The switch was decreed by the pro-Western president of Georgia, # Mikheil Saakashvili, who said the change was partly prompted by the process # of integration into Europe. # From Teimuraz Abashidze (2005-11-07): # Government of Georgia ... decided to NOT CHANGE daylight savings time on # [Oct.] 30, as it was done before during last more than 10 years. # Currently, we are in fact GMT +4:00, as before 30 October it was GMT # +3:00.... The problem is, there is NO FORMAL LAW or governmental document # about it. As far as I can find, I was told, that there is no document, # because we just DIDN'T ISSUE document about switching to winter time.... # I don't know what can be done, especially knowing that some years ago our # DST rules where changed THREE TIMES during one month. # Milne 1899 says Tbilisi (Tiflis) time was 2:59:05.7. # Byalokoz 1919 says Georgia was 2:59:11. # Go with Byalokoz. # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Asia/Tbilisi 2:59:11 - LMT 1880 2:59:11 - TBMT 1924 May 2 # Tbilisi Mean Time 3:00 - +03 1957 Mar 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 3:00 RussiaAsia +03/+04 1992 3:00 E-EurAsia +03/+04 1994 Sep lastSun 4:00 E-EurAsia +04/+05 1996 Oct lastSun 4:00 1:00 +05 1997 Mar lastSun 4:00 E-EurAsia +04/+05 2004 Jun 27 3:00 RussiaAsia +03/+04 2005 Mar lastSun 2:00 4:00 - +04 # East Timor # See Indonesia for the 1945 transition. # From João Carrascalão, brother of the former governor of East Timor, in # East Timor may be late for its millennium # (1999-12-26/31): # Portugal tried to change the time forward in 1974 because the sun # rises too early but the suggestion raised a lot of problems with the # Timorese and I still don't think it would work today because it # conflicts with their way of life. # From Paul Eggert (2000-12-04): # We don't have any record of the above attempt. # Most likely our records are incomplete, but we have no better data. # From Manoel de Almeida e Silva, Deputy Spokesman for the UN Secretary-General # http://www.hri.org/news/world/undh/2000/00-08-16.undh.html # (2000-08-16): # The Cabinet of the East Timor Transition Administration decided # today to advance East Timor's time by one hour. The time change, # which will be permanent, with no seasonal adjustment, will happen at # midnight on Saturday, September 16. # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Asia/Dili 8:22:20 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 8:00 - +08 1942 Feb 21 23:00 9:00 - +09 1976 May 3 8:00 - +08 2000 Sep 17 0:00 9:00 - +09 # India # British astronomer Henry Park Hollis disliked India Standard Time's offset: # "A new time system has been proposed for India, Further India, and Burmah. # The scheme suggested is that the times of the meridians 5½ and 6½ hours # east of Greenwich should be adopted in these territories. No reason is # given why hourly meridians five hours and six hours east should not be # chosen; a plan which would bring the time of India into harmony with # that of almost the whole of the civilised world." # Hollis HP. Universal Time, Longitudes, and Geodesy. Mon Not R Astron Soc. # 1905-02-10;65(4):405-6. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/65.4.382 # From Ian P. Beacock, in "A brief history of (modern) time", The Atlantic # https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2015/12/the-creation-of-modern-time/421419/ # (2015-12-22): # In January 1906, several thousand cotton-mill workers rioted on the # outskirts of Bombay.... They were protesting the proposed abolition of # local time in favor of Indian Standard Time.... Journalists called this # dispute the "Battle of the Clocks." It lasted nearly half a century. # From Paul Eggert (2017-04-20): # Good luck trying to nail down old timekeeping records in India. # "... in the nineteenth century ... Madras Observatory took its magnetic # measurements on Göttingen time, its meteorological measurements on Madras # (local) time, dropped its time ball on Greenwich (ocean navigator's) time, # and distributed civil (local time)." -- Bartky IR. Selling the true time: # 19th-century timekeeping in america. Stanford U Press (2000), 247 note 19. # "A more potent cause of resistance to the general adoption of the present # standard time lies in the fact that it is Madras time. The citizen of # Bombay, proud of being 'primus in Indis' and of Calcutta, equally proud of # his city being the Capital of India, and - for a part of the year - the Seat # of the Supreme Government, alike look down on Madras, and refuse to change # the time they are using, for that of what they regard as a benighted # Presidency; while Madras, having for long given the standard time to the # rest of India, would resist the adoption of any other Indian standard in its # place." -- Oldham RD. On Time in India: a suggestion for its improvement. # Proceedings of the Asiatic Society of Bengal (April 1899), 49-55. # # "In 1870 ... Madras time - 'now used by the telegraph and regulated from the # only government observatory' - was suggested as a standard railway time, # first to be adopted on the Great Indian Peninsular Railway (GIPR).... # Calcutta, Bombay, and Karachi, were to be allowed to continue with their # local time for civil purposes." - Prasad R. Tracks of Change: Railways and # Everyday Life in Colonial India. Cambridge University Press (2016), 145. # # Reed S, Low F. The Indian Year Book 1936-37. Bennett, Coleman, pp 27-8. # https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.282212 # This lists +052110 as Madras local time used in railways, and says that on # 1906-01-01 railways and telegraphs in India switched to +0530. Some # municipalities retained their former time, and the time in Calcutta # continued to depend on whether you were at the railway station or at # government offices. Government time was at +055320 (according to Shanks) or # at +0554 (according to the Indian Year Book). Railway time is more # appropriate for our purposes, as it was better documented, it is what we do # elsewhere (e.g., Europe/London before 1880), and after 1906 it was # consistent in the region now identified by Asia/Kolkata. So, use railway # time for 1870-1941. Shanks is our only (and dubious) source for the # 1941-1945 data. # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Asia/Kolkata 5:53:28 - LMT 1854 Jun 28 # Kolkata 5:53:20 - HMT 1870 # Howrah Mean Time? 5:21:10 - MMT 1906 Jan 1 # Madras local time 5:30 - IST 1941 Oct 5:30 1:00 +0630 1942 May 15 5:30 - IST 1942 Sep 5:30 1:00 +0630 1945 Oct 15 5:30 - IST # Since 1970 the following are like Asia/Kolkata: # Andaman Is # Lakshadweep (Laccadive, Minicoy and Amindivi Is) # Nicobar Is # Indonesia # # From Paul Eggert (2014-09-06): # The 1876 Report of the Secretary of the [US] Navy, p 306 says that Batavia # civil time was 7:07:12.5; round to even for Jakarta. # # From Gwillim Law (2001-05-28), overriding Shanks & Pottenger: # http://www.sumatera-inc.com/go_to_invest/about_indonesia.asp#standtime # says that Indonesia's time zones changed on 1988-01-01. Looking at some # time zone maps, I think that must refer to Western Borneo (Kalimantan Barat # and Kalimantan Tengah) switching from UTC+8 to UTC+7. # # From Paul Eggert (2007-03-10): # Here is another correction to Shanks & Pottenger. # JohnTWB writes that Japanese forces did not surrender control in # Indonesia until 1945-09-01 00:00 at the earliest (in Jakarta) and # other formal surrender ceremonies were September 9, 11, and 13, plus # September 12 for the regional surrender to Mountbatten in Singapore. # These would be the earliest possible times for a change. # Régimes horaires pour le monde entier, by Henri Le Corre, (Éditions # Traditionnelles, 1987, Paris) says that Java and Madura switched # from UT +09 to +07:30 on 1945-09-23, and gives 1944-09-01 for Jayapura # (Hollandia). For now, assume all Indonesian locations other than Jayapura # switched on 1945-09-23. # # From Paul Eggert (2013-08-11): # Normally the tz database uses English-language abbreviations, but in # Indonesia it's typical to use Indonesian-language abbreviations even # when writing in English. For example, see the English-language # summary published by the Time and Frequency Laboratory of the # Research Center for Calibration, Instrumentation and Metrology, # Indonesia, (2006-09-29). # The time zone abbreviations and UT offsets are: # # WIB - +07 - Waktu Indonesia Barat (Indonesia western time) # WITA - +08 - Waktu Indonesia Tengah (Indonesia central time) # WIT - +09 - Waktu Indonesia Timur (Indonesia eastern time) # # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] # Java, Sumatra Zone Asia/Jakarta 7:07:12 - LMT 1867 Aug 10 # Shanks & Pottenger say the next transition was at 1924 Jan 1 0:13, # but this must be a typo. 7:07:12 - BMT 1923 Dec 31 23:47:12 # Batavia 7:20 - +0720 1932 Nov 7:30 - +0730 1942 Mar 23 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 23 7:30 - +0730 1948 May 8:00 - +08 1950 May 7:30 - +0730 1964 7:00 - WIB # west and central Borneo Zone Asia/Pontianak 7:17:20 - LMT 1908 May 7:17:20 - PMT 1932 Nov # Pontianak MT 7:30 - +0730 1942 Jan 29 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 23 7:30 - +0730 1948 May 8:00 - +08 1950 May 7:30 - +0730 1964 8:00 - WITA 1988 Jan 1 7:00 - WIB # Sulawesi, Lesser Sundas, east and south Borneo Zone Asia/Makassar 7:57:36 - LMT 1920 7:57:36 - MMT 1932 Nov # Macassar MT 8:00 - +08 1942 Feb 9 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 23 8:00 - WITA # Maluku Islands, West Papua, Papua Zone Asia/Jayapura 9:22:48 - LMT 1932 Nov 9:00 - +09 1944 Sep 1 9:30 - +0930 1964 9:00 - WIT # Iran # From Roozbeh Pournader (2003-03-15): # This is an English translation of what I just found (originally in Persian). # The Gregorian dates in brackets are mine: # # Official Newspaper No. 13548-1370/6/25 [1991-09-16] # No. 16760/T233 H 1370/6/10 [1991-09-01] # # The Rule About Change of the Official Time of the Country # # The Board of Ministers, in the meeting dated 1370/5/23 [1991-08-14], # based on the suggestion number 2221/D dated 1370/4/22 [1991-07-13] # of the Country's Organization for Official and Employment Affairs, # and referring to the law for equating the working hours of workers # and officers in the whole country dated 1359/4/23 [1980-07-14], and # for synchronizing the official times of the country, agreed that: # # The official time of the country will should move forward one hour # at the 24[:00] hours of the first day of Farvardin and should return # to its previous state at the 24[:00] hours of the 30th day of # Shahrivar. # # First Deputy to the President - Hassan Habibi # # From personal experience, that agrees with what has been followed # for at least the last 5 years. Before that, for a few years, the # date used was the first Thursday night of Farvardin and the last # Thursday night of Shahrivar, but I can't give exact dates.... # # From Roozbeh Pournader (2005-04-05): # The text of the Iranian law, in effect since 1925, clearly mentions # that the true solar year is the measure, and there is no arithmetic # leap year calculation involved. There has never been any serious # plan to change that law.... # # From Paul Eggert (2018-11-30): # Go with Shanks & Pottenger before Sept. 1991, and with Pournader thereafter. # I used the following code in GNU Emacs 26.1 to generate the "Rule Iran" # lines from 2008 through 2087. Emacs 26.1 uses Ed Reingold's # cal-persia implementation of Birashk's approximation, which in the # 2008-2087 range disagrees with the the astronomical Persian calendar # for Persian years 1404 (Gregorian 2025) and 1437 (Gregorian 2058), # so the following code special-case those years. See Table 15.1, page 264, of: # Edward M. Reingold and Nachum Dershowitz, Calendrical Calculations: # The Ultimate Edition, Cambridge University Press (2018). # https://www.cambridge.org/fr/academic/subjects/computer-science/computing-general-interest/calendrical-calculations-ultimate-edition-4th-edition # Page 258, footnote 2, of this book says there is some dispute over what will # happen in 2091 (and some other years after that), so this code # stops in 2087, as 2088 and 2089 agree with the "max" rule below. # (cl-loop # initially (require 'cal-persia) # with first-persian-year = 1387 # with last-persian-year = 1466 # ;; Exceptional years in the above range, # ;; from Reingold & Dershowitz Table 15.1, page 264: # with exceptional-persian-years = '(1404 1437) # with range-start = nil # for persian-year from first-persian-year to last-persian-year # do # (let* # ((exceptional-year-offset # (if (member persian-year exceptional-persian-years) 1 0)) # (beg-dst-absolute # (+ (calendar-persian-to-absolute (list 1 1 persian-year)) # exceptional-year-offset)) # (end-dst-absolute # (+ (calendar-persian-to-absolute (list 6 30 persian-year)) # exceptional-year-offset)) # (next-year-beg-dst-absolute # (+ (calendar-persian-to-absolute (list 1 1 (1+ persian-year))) # (if (member (1+ persian-year) exceptional-persian-years) 1 0))) # (beg-dst (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute beg-dst-absolute)) # (end-dst (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute end-dst-absolute)) # (next-year-beg-dst (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute # next-year-beg-dst-absolute)) # (year (calendar-extract-year beg-dst)) # (range-end (if range-start year "only"))) # (setq range-start (or range-start year)) # (when (or (/= (calendar-extract-day beg-dst) # (calendar-extract-day next-year-beg-dst)) # (= persian-year last-persian-year)) # (insert # (format # "Rule\tIran\t%d\t%s\t-\t%s\t%2d\t24:00\t1:00\t-\n" # range-start range-end # (calendar-month-name (calendar-extract-month beg-dst) t) # (calendar-extract-day beg-dst))) # (insert # (format # "Rule\tIran\t%d\t%s\t-\t%s\t%2d\t24:00\t0\t-\n" # range-start range-end # (calendar-month-name (calendar-extract-month end-dst) t) # (calendar-extract-day end-dst))) # (setq range-start nil)))) # # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-03-30), writing about future # discrepancies between cal-persia and the Iranian calendar: # For 2091 solar-longitude-after yields 2091-03-20 08:40:07.7 UT for # the vernal equinox and that gets so close to 12:00 some local # Iranian time that the definition of the correct location needs to be # known exactly, amongst other factors. 2157 is even closer: # 2157-03-20 08:37:15.5 UT. But the Gregorian year 2025 should give # no interpretation problem whatsoever. By the way, another instant # in the near future where there will be a discrepancy between # arithmetical and astronomical Iranian calendars will be in 2058: # vernal equinox on 2058-03-20 09:03:05.9 UT. The Java version of # Reingold's/Dershowitz' calculator gives correctly the Gregorian date # 2058-03-21 for 1 Farvardin 1437 (astronomical). # # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-03-22): # Several of my users have reported that Iran will not observe DST anymore: # http://www.irna.ir/en/news/view/line-17/0603193812164948.htm # # From Reuters (2007-09-16), with a heads-up from Jesper Nørgaard Welen: # ... the Guardian Council ... approved a law on Sunday to re-introduce # daylight saving time ... # https://uk.reuters.com/article/oilRpt/idUKBLA65048420070916 # # From Roozbeh Pournader (2007-11-05): # This is quoted from Official Gazette of the Islamic Republic of # Iran, Volume 63, No. 18242, dated Tuesday 1386/6/24 # [2007-10-16]. I am doing the best translation I can:... # The official time of the country will be moved forward for one hour # on the 24 hours of the first day of the month of Farvardin and will # be changed back to its previous state on the 24 hours of the # thirtieth day of Shahrivar. # # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Iran 1978 1980 - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 - Rule Iran 1978 only - Oct 20 24:00 0 - Rule Iran 1979 only - Sep 18 24:00 0 - Rule Iran 1980 only - Sep 22 24:00 0 - Rule Iran 1991 only - May 2 24:00 1:00 - Rule Iran 1992 1995 - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 - Rule Iran 1991 1995 - Sep 21 24:00 0 - Rule Iran 1996 only - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 - Rule Iran 1996 only - Sep 20 24:00 0 - Rule Iran 1997 1999 - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 - Rule Iran 1997 1999 - Sep 21 24:00 0 - Rule Iran 2000 only - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 - Rule Iran 2000 only - Sep 20 24:00 0 - Rule Iran 2001 2003 - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 - Rule Iran 2001 2003 - Sep 21 24:00 0 - Rule Iran 2004 only - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 - Rule Iran 2004 only - Sep 20 24:00 0 - Rule Iran 2005 only - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 - Rule Iran 2005 only - Sep 21 24:00 0 - Rule Iran 2008 only - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 - Rule Iran 2008 only - Sep 20 24:00 0 - Rule Iran 2009 2011 - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 - Rule Iran 2009 2011 - Sep 21 24:00 0 - Rule Iran 2012 only - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 - Rule Iran 2012 only - Sep 20 24:00 0 - Rule Iran 2013 2015 - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 - Rule Iran 2013 2015 - Sep 21 24:00 0 - Rule Iran 2016 only - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 - Rule Iran 2016 only - Sep 20 24:00 0 - Rule Iran 2017 2019 - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 - Rule Iran 2017 2019 - Sep 21 24:00 0 - Rule Iran 2020 only - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 - Rule Iran 2020 only - Sep 20 24:00 0 - Rule Iran 2021 2023 - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 - Rule Iran 2021 2023 - Sep 21 24:00 0 - Rule Iran 2024 only - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 - Rule Iran 2024 only - Sep 20 24:00 0 - Rule Iran 2025 2027 - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 - Rule Iran 2025 2027 - Sep 21 24:00 0 - Rule Iran 2028 2029 - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 - Rule Iran 2028 2029 - Sep 20 24:00 0 - Rule Iran 2030 2031 - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 - Rule Iran 2030 2031 - Sep 21 24:00 0 - Rule Iran 2032 2033 - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 - Rule Iran 2032 2033 - Sep 20 24:00 0 - Rule Iran 2034 2035 - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 - Rule Iran 2034 2035 - Sep 21 24:00 0 - Rule Iran 2036 2037 - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 - Rule Iran 2036 2037 - Sep 20 24:00 0 - Rule Iran 2038 2039 - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 - Rule Iran 2038 2039 - Sep 21 24:00 0 - Rule Iran 2040 2041 - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 - Rule Iran 2040 2041 - Sep 20 24:00 0 - Rule Iran 2042 2043 - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 - Rule Iran 2042 2043 - Sep 21 24:00 0 - Rule Iran 2044 2045 - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 - Rule Iran 2044 2045 - Sep 20 24:00 0 - Rule Iran 2046 2047 - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 - Rule Iran 2046 2047 - Sep 21 24:00 0 - Rule Iran 2048 2049 - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 - Rule Iran 2048 2049 - Sep 20 24:00 0 - Rule Iran 2050 2051 - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 - Rule Iran 2050 2051 - Sep 21 24:00 0 - Rule Iran 2052 2053 - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 - Rule Iran 2052 2053 - Sep 20 24:00 0 - Rule Iran 2054 2055 - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 - Rule Iran 2054 2055 - Sep 21 24:00 0 - Rule Iran 2056 2057 - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 - Rule Iran 2056 2057 - Sep 20 24:00 0 - Rule Iran 2058 2059 - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 - Rule Iran 2058 2059 - Sep 21 24:00 0 - Rule Iran 2060 2062 - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 - Rule Iran 2060 2062 - Sep 20 24:00 0 - Rule Iran 2063 only - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 - Rule Iran 2063 only - Sep 21 24:00 0 - Rule Iran 2064 2066 - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 - Rule Iran 2064 2066 - Sep 20 24:00 0 - Rule Iran 2067 only - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 - Rule Iran 2067 only - Sep 21 24:00 0 - Rule Iran 2068 2070 - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 - Rule Iran 2068 2070 - Sep 20 24:00 0 - Rule Iran 2071 only - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 - Rule Iran 2071 only - Sep 21 24:00 0 - Rule Iran 2072 2074 - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 - Rule Iran 2072 2074 - Sep 20 24:00 0 - Rule Iran 2075 only - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 - Rule Iran 2075 only - Sep 21 24:00 0 - Rule Iran 2076 2078 - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 - Rule Iran 2076 2078 - Sep 20 24:00 0 - Rule Iran 2079 only - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 - Rule Iran 2079 only - Sep 21 24:00 0 - Rule Iran 2080 2082 - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 - Rule Iran 2080 2082 - Sep 20 24:00 0 - Rule Iran 2083 only - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 - Rule Iran 2083 only - Sep 21 24:00 0 - Rule Iran 2084 2086 - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 - Rule Iran 2084 2086 - Sep 20 24:00 0 - Rule Iran 2087 only - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 - Rule Iran 2087 only - Sep 21 24:00 0 - # # The following rules are approximations starting in the year 2088. # These are the best post-2088 approximations available, given the # restrictions of a single rule using ordinary Gregorian dates. # At some point this table will need to be extended, though quite # possibly Iran will change the rules first. Rule Iran 2088 max - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 - Rule Iran 2088 max - Sep 20 24:00 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Asia/Tehran 3:25:44 - LMT 1916 3:25:44 - TMT 1946 # Tehran Mean Time 3:30 - +0330 1977 Nov 4:00 Iran +04/+05 1979 3:30 Iran +0330/+0430 # Iraq # # From Jonathan Lennox (2000-06-12): # An article in this week's Economist ("Inside the Saddam-free zone", p. 50 in # the U.S. edition) on the Iraqi Kurds contains a paragraph: # "The three northern provinces ... switched their clocks this spring and # are an hour ahead of Baghdad." # # But Rives McDow (2000-06-18) quotes a contact in Iraqi-Kurdistan as follows: # In the past, some Kurdish nationalists, as a protest to the Iraqi # Government, did not adhere to daylight saving time. They referred # to daylight saving as Saddam time. But, as of today, the time zone # in Iraqi-Kurdistan is on standard time with Baghdad, Iraq. # # So we'll ignore the Economist's claim. # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-10): # The cabinet in Iraq abolished DST last week, according to the following # news sources (in Arabic): # http://www.aljeeran.net/wesima_articles/news-20080305-98602.html # http://www.aswataliraq.info/look/article.tpl?id=2047&IdLanguage=17&IdPublication=4&NrArticle=71743&NrIssue=1&NrSection=10 # # We have published a short article in English about the change: # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/iraq-dumps-daylight-saving.html # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Iraq 1982 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 - Rule Iraq 1982 1984 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - Rule Iraq 1983 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 - Rule Iraq 1984 1985 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 - Rule Iraq 1985 1990 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - Rule Iraq 1986 1990 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 - # IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says Apr 1 12:01am UTC; guess the ':01' is a typo. # Shanks & Pottenger say Iraq did not observe DST 1992/1997; ignore this. # Rule Iraq 1991 2007 - Apr 1 3:00s 1:00 - Rule Iraq 1991 2007 - Oct 1 3:00s 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Asia/Baghdad 2:57:40 - LMT 1890 2:57:36 - BMT 1918 # Baghdad Mean Time? 3:00 - +03 1982 May 3:00 Iraq +03/+04 ############################################################################### # Israel # From Ephraim Silverberg (2001-01-11): # # I coined "IST/IDT" circa 1988. Until then there were three # different abbreviations in use: # # JST Jerusalem Standard Time [Danny Braniss, Hebrew University] # IZT Israel Zonal (sic) Time [Prof. Haim Papo, Technion] # EEST Eastern Europe Standard Time [used by almost everyone else] # # Since timezones should be called by country and not capital cities, # I ruled out JST. As Israel is in Asia Minor and not Eastern Europe, # EEST was equally unacceptable. Since "zonal" was not compatible with # any other timezone abbreviation, I felt that 'IST' was the way to go # and, indeed, it has received almost universal acceptance in timezone # settings in Israeli computers. # # In any case, I am happy to share timezone abbreviations with India, # high on my favorite-country list (and not only because my wife's # family is from India). # From Shanks & Pottenger: # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Zion 1940 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D Rule Zion 1942 1944 - Nov 1 0:00 0 S Rule Zion 1943 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D Rule Zion 1944 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D Rule Zion 1945 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 D Rule Zion 1945 only - Nov 1 2:00 0 S Rule Zion 1946 only - Apr 16 2:00 1:00 D Rule Zion 1946 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 S Rule Zion 1948 only - May 23 0:00 2:00 DD Rule Zion 1948 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 D Rule Zion 1948 1949 - Nov 1 2:00 0 S Rule Zion 1949 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D Rule Zion 1950 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 D Rule Zion 1950 only - Sep 15 3:00 0 S Rule Zion 1951 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D Rule Zion 1951 only - Nov 11 3:00 0 S Rule Zion 1952 only - Apr 20 2:00 1:00 D Rule Zion 1952 only - Oct 19 3:00 0 S Rule Zion 1953 only - Apr 12 2:00 1:00 D Rule Zion 1953 only - Sep 13 3:00 0 S Rule Zion 1954 only - Jun 13 0:00 1:00 D Rule Zion 1954 only - Sep 12 0:00 0 S Rule Zion 1955 only - Jun 11 2:00 1:00 D Rule Zion 1955 only - Sep 11 0:00 0 S Rule Zion 1956 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 D Rule Zion 1956 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 S Rule Zion 1957 only - Apr 29 2:00 1:00 D Rule Zion 1957 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 S Rule Zion 1974 only - Jul 7 0:00 1:00 D Rule Zion 1974 only - Oct 13 0:00 0 S Rule Zion 1975 only - Apr 20 0:00 1:00 D Rule Zion 1975 only - Aug 31 0:00 0 S Rule Zion 1985 only - Apr 14 0:00 1:00 D Rule Zion 1985 only - Sep 15 0:00 0 S Rule Zion 1986 only - May 18 0:00 1:00 D Rule Zion 1986 only - Sep 7 0:00 0 S Rule Zion 1987 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 D Rule Zion 1987 only - Sep 13 0:00 0 S # From Avigdor Finkelstein (2014-03-05): # I check the Parliament (Knesset) records and there it's stated that the # [1988] transition should take place on Saturday night, when the Sabbath # ends and changes to Sunday. Rule Zion 1988 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 D Rule Zion 1988 only - Sep 4 0:00 0 S # From Ephraim Silverberg # (1997-03-04, 1998-03-16, 1998-12-28, 2000-01-17, 2000-07-25, 2004-12-22, # and 2005-02-17): # According to the Office of the Secretary General of the Ministry of # Interior, there is NO set rule for Daylight-Savings/Standard time changes. # One thing is entrenched in law, however: that there must be at least 150 # days of daylight savings time annually. From 1993-1998, the change to # daylight savings time was on a Friday morning from midnight IST to # 1 a.m IDT; up until 1998, the change back to standard time was on a # Saturday night from midnight daylight savings time to 11 p.m. standard # time. 1996 is an exception to this rule where the change back to standard # time took place on Sunday night instead of Saturday night to avoid # conflicts with the Jewish New Year. In 1999, the change to # daylight savings time was still on a Friday morning but from # 2 a.m. IST to 3 a.m. IDT; furthermore, the change back to standard time # was also on a Friday morning from 2 a.m. IDT to 1 a.m. IST for # 1999 only. In the year 2000, the change to daylight savings time was # similar to 1999, but although the change back will be on a Friday, it # will take place from 1 a.m. IDT to midnight IST. Starting in 2001, all # changes to/from will take place at 1 a.m. old time, but now there is no # rule as to what day of the week it will take place in as the start date # (except in 2003) is the night after the Passover Seder (i.e. the eve # of the 16th of Nisan in the lunar Hebrew calendar) and the end date # (except in 2002) is three nights before Yom Kippur [Day of Atonement] # (the eve of the 7th of Tishrei in the lunar Hebrew calendar). # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Zion 1989 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 D Rule Zion 1989 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S Rule Zion 1990 only - Mar 25 0:00 1:00 D Rule Zion 1990 only - Aug 26 0:00 0 S Rule Zion 1991 only - Mar 24 0:00 1:00 D Rule Zion 1991 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 S Rule Zion 1992 only - Mar 29 0:00 1:00 D Rule Zion 1992 only - Sep 6 0:00 0 S Rule Zion 1993 only - Apr 2 0:00 1:00 D Rule Zion 1993 only - Sep 5 0:00 0 S # The dates for 1994-1995 were obtained from Office of the Spokeswoman for the # Ministry of Interior, Jerusalem, Israel. The spokeswoman can be reached by # calling the office directly at 972-2-6701447 or 972-2-6701448. # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Zion 1994 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D Rule Zion 1994 only - Aug 28 0:00 0 S Rule Zion 1995 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 D Rule Zion 1995 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S # The dates for 1996 were determined by the Minister of Interior of the # time, Haim Ramon. The official announcement regarding 1996-1998 # (with the dates for 1997-1998 no longer being relevant) can be viewed at: # # ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/1996-1998.ramon.ps.gz # # The dates for 1997-1998 were altered by his successor, Rabbi Eli Suissa. # # The official announcements for the years 1997-1999 can be viewed at: # # ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/YYYY.ps.gz # # where YYYY is the relevant year. # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Zion 1996 only - Mar 15 0:00 1:00 D Rule Zion 1996 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 S Rule Zion 1997 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D Rule Zion 1997 only - Sep 14 0:00 0 S Rule Zion 1998 only - Mar 20 0:00 1:00 D Rule Zion 1998 only - Sep 6 0:00 0 S Rule Zion 1999 only - Apr 2 2:00 1:00 D Rule Zion 1999 only - Sep 3 2:00 0 S # The Knesset Interior Committee has changed the dates for 2000 for # the third time in just over a year and have set new dates for the # years 2001-2004 as well. # # The official announcement for the start date of 2000 can be viewed at: # # ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2000-start.ps.gz # # The official announcement for the end date of 2000 and the dates # for the years 2001-2004 can be viewed at: # # ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2000-2004.ps.gz # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Zion 2000 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 D Rule Zion 2000 only - Oct 6 1:00 0 S Rule Zion 2001 only - Apr 9 1:00 1:00 D Rule Zion 2001 only - Sep 24 1:00 0 S Rule Zion 2002 only - Mar 29 1:00 1:00 D Rule Zion 2002 only - Oct 7 1:00 0 S Rule Zion 2003 only - Mar 28 1:00 1:00 D Rule Zion 2003 only - Oct 3 1:00 0 S Rule Zion 2004 only - Apr 7 1:00 1:00 D Rule Zion 2004 only - Sep 22 1:00 0 S # The proposed law agreed upon by the Knesset Interior Committee on # 2005-02-14 is that, for 2005 and beyond, DST starts at 02:00 the # last Friday before April 2nd (i.e. the last Friday in March or April # 1st itself if it falls on a Friday) and ends at 02:00 on the Saturday # night _before_ the fast of Yom Kippur. # # Those who can read Hebrew can view the announcement at: # # ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2005+beyond.ps # From Paul Eggert (2012-10-26): # I used Ephraim Silverberg's dst-israel.el program # (2005-02-20) # along with Ed Reingold's cal-hebrew in GNU Emacs 21.4, # to generate the transitions from 2005 through 2012. # (I replaced "lastFri" with "Fri>=26" by hand.) # The spring transitions all correspond to the following Rule: # # Rule Zion 2005 2012 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D # # but older zic implementations (e.g., Solaris 8) do not support # "Fri>=26" to mean April 1 in years like 2005, so for now we list the # springtime transitions explicitly. # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Zion 2005 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D Rule Zion 2005 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 S Rule Zion 2006 2010 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D Rule Zion 2006 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 S Rule Zion 2007 only - Sep 16 2:00 0 S Rule Zion 2008 only - Oct 5 2:00 0 S Rule Zion 2009 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 S Rule Zion 2010 only - Sep 12 2:00 0 S Rule Zion 2011 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D Rule Zion 2011 only - Oct 2 2:00 0 S Rule Zion 2012 only - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D Rule Zion 2012 only - Sep 23 2:00 0 S # From Ephraim Silverberg (2013-06-27): # On June 23, 2013, the Israeli government approved changes to the # Time Decree Law. The next day, the changes passed the First Reading # in the Knesset. The law is expected to pass the Second and Third # (final) Readings by the beginning of September 2013. # # As of 2013, DST starts at 02:00 on the Friday before the last Sunday # in March. DST ends at 02:00 on the last Sunday of October. # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Zion 2013 max - Mar Fri>=23 2:00 1:00 D Rule Zion 2013 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Asia/Jerusalem 2:20:54 - LMT 1880 2:20:40 - JMT 1918 # Jerusalem Mean Time? 2:00 Zion I%sT ############################################################################### # Japan # '9:00' and 'JST' is from Guy Harris. # From Paul Eggert (1995-03-06): # Today's _Asahi Evening News_ (page 4) reports that Japan had # daylight saving between 1948 and 1951, but "the system was discontinued # because the public believed it would lead to longer working hours." # From Mayumi Negishi in the 2005-08-10 Japan Times: # http://www.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/getarticle.pl5?nn20050810f2.htm # Occupation authorities imposed daylight-saving time on Japan on # [1948-05-01].... But lack of prior debate and the execution of # daylight-saving time just three days after the bill was passed generated # deep hatred of the concept.... The Diet unceremoniously passed a bill to # dump the unpopular system in October 1951, less than a month after the San # Francisco Peace Treaty was signed. (A government poll in 1951 showed 53% # of the Japanese wanted to scrap daylight-saving time, as opposed to 30% who # wanted to keep it.) # From Takayuki Nikai (2018-01-19): # The source of information is Japanese law. # http://www.shugiin.go.jp/internet/itdb_housei.nsf/html/houritsu/00219480428029.htm # http://www.shugiin.go.jp/internet/itdb_housei.nsf/html/houritsu/00719500331039.htm # ... In summary, it is written as follows. From 24:00 on the first Saturday # in May, until 0:00 on the day after the second Saturday in September. # From Phake Nick (2018-09-27): # [T]he webpage authored by National Astronomical Observatory of Japan # https://eco.mtk.nao.ac.jp/koyomi/wiki/BBFEB9EF2FB2C6BBFEB9EF.html # ... mentioned that using Showa 23 (year 1948) as example, 13pm of September # 11 in summer time will equal to 0am of September 12 in standard time. # It cited a document issued by the Liaison Office which briefly existed # during the postwar period of Japan, where the detail on implementation # of the summer time is described in the document. # https://eco.mtk.nao.ac.jp/koyomi/wiki/BBFEB9EF2FB2C6BBFEB9EFB2C6BBFEB9EFA4CEBCC2BBDCA4CBA4C4A4A4A4C6.pdf # The text in the document do instruct a fall back to occur at # September 11, 13pm in summer time, while ordinary citizens can # change the clock before they sleep. # # From Paul Eggert (2018-09-27): # This instruction is equivalent to "Sat>=8 25:00", so use that. zic treats # it like "Sun>=9 01:00", which is not quite the same but is the best we can # do in any POSIX or C platform. The "25:00" assumes zic from 2007 or later, # which should be safe now. # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Japan 1948 only - May Sat>=1 24:00 1:00 D Rule Japan 1948 1951 - Sep Sat>=8 25:00 0 S Rule Japan 1949 only - Apr Sat>=1 24:00 1:00 D Rule Japan 1950 1951 - May Sat>=1 24:00 1:00 D # From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-09): # 'Tokyo' usually stands for the former location of Tokyo Astronomical # Observatory: 139° 44' 40.90" E (9h 18m 58.727s), 35° 39' 16.0" N. # This data is from 'Rika Nenpyou (Chronological Scientific Tables) 1996' # edited by National Astronomical Observatory of Japan.... # JST (Japan Standard Time) has been used since 1888-01-01 00:00 (JST). # The law is enacted on 1886-07-07. # From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-16): # The ordinance No. 51 (1886) established "standard time" in Japan, # which stands for the time on 135° E. # In the ordinance No. 167 (1895), "standard time" was renamed to "central # standard time". And the same ordinance also established "western standard # time", which stands for the time on 120° E.... But "western standard # time" was abolished in the ordinance No. 529 (1937). In the ordinance No. # 167, there is no mention regarding for what place western standard time is # standard.... # # I wrote "ordinance" above, but I don't know how to translate. # In Japanese it's "chokurei", which means ordinance from emperor. # From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2013-07-12): # ...the Meiji Emperor announced Ordinance No. 167 of Meiji Year 28 "The clause # about standard time" ... The adoption began from Jan 1, 1896. # https://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/標準時ニ關スル件_(公布時) # # ...the Showa Emperor announced Ordinance No. 529 of Showa Year 12 ... which # means the whole Japan territory, including later occupations, adopt Japan # Central Time (UT+9). The adoption began on Oct 1, 1937. # https://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/明治二十八年勅令第百六十七號標準時ニ關スル件中改正ノ件 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Asia/Tokyo 9:18:59 - LMT 1887 Dec 31 15:00u 9:00 Japan J%sT # Since 1938, all Japanese possessions have been like Asia/Tokyo, # except that Truk (Chuuk), Ponape (Pohnpei), and Jaluit (Kosrae) did not # switch from +10 to +09 until 1941-04-01; see the 'australasia' file. # Jordan # # From # Jordan Week (1999-07-01) via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09): # Clocks in Jordan were forwarded one hour on Wednesday at midnight, # in accordance with the government's decision to implement summer time # all year round. # # From # Jordan Week (1999-09-30) via Steffen Thorsen (1999-11-09): # Winter time starts today Thursday, 30 September. Clocks will be turned back # by one hour. This is the latest government decision and it's final! # The decision was taken because of the increase in working hours in # government's departments from six to seven hours. # # From Paul Eggert (2005-11-22): # Starting 2003 transitions are from Steffen Thorsen's web site timeanddate.com. # # From Steffen Thorsen (2005-11-23): # For Jordan I have received multiple independent user reports every year # about DST end dates, as the end-rule is different every year. # # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-10-01), after a heads-up from Hilal Malawi: # http://www.petranews.gov.jo/nepras/2006/Sep/05/4000.htm # "Jordan will switch to winter time on Friday, October 27". # # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-04-02): # This single one might be good enough, (2009-03-24, Arabic): # http://petra.gov.jo/Artical.aspx?Lng=2&Section=8&Artical=95279 # # Google's translation: # # > The Council of Ministers decided in 2002 to adopt the principle of timely # > submission of the summer at 60 minutes as of midnight on the last Thursday # > of the month of March of each year. # # So - this means the midnight between Thursday and Friday since 2002. # From Arthur David Olson (2009-04-06): # We still have Jordan switching to DST on Thursdays in 2000 and 2001. # From Steffen Thorsen (2012-10-25): # Yesterday the government in Jordan announced that they will not # switch back to standard time this winter, so the will stay on DST # until about the same time next year (at least). # http://www.petra.gov.jo/Public_News/Nws_NewsDetails.aspx?NewsID=88950 # From Steffen Thorsen (2013-12-11): # Jordan Times and other sources say that Jordan is going back to # UTC+2 on 2013-12-19 at midnight: # http://jordantimes.com/govt-decides-to-switch-back-to-wintertime # Official, in Arabic: # http://www.petra.gov.jo/public_news/Nws_NewsDetails.aspx?Menu_ID=&Site_Id=2&lang=1&NewsID=133230&CatID=14 # ... Our background/permalink about it # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/jordan-reverses-dst-decision.html # ... # http://www.petra.gov.jo/Public_News/Nws_NewsDetails.aspx?lang=2&site_id=1&NewsID=133313&Type=P # ... says midnight for the coming one and 1:00 for the ones in the future # (and they will use DST again next year, using the normal schedule). # From Paul Eggert (2013-12-11): # As Steffen suggested, consider the past 21-month experiment to be DST. # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Jordan 1973 only - Jun 6 0:00 1:00 S Rule Jordan 1973 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - Rule Jordan 1974 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S Rule Jordan 1976 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - Rule Jordan 1977 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - Rule Jordan 1978 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S Rule Jordan 1978 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - Rule Jordan 1985 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S Rule Jordan 1985 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - Rule Jordan 1986 1988 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S Rule Jordan 1986 1990 - Oct Fri>=1 0:00 0 - Rule Jordan 1989 only - May 8 0:00 1:00 S Rule Jordan 1990 only - Apr 27 0:00 1:00 S Rule Jordan 1991 only - Apr 17 0:00 1:00 S Rule Jordan 1991 only - Sep 27 0:00 0 - Rule Jordan 1992 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 S Rule Jordan 1992 1993 - Oct Fri>=1 0:00 0 - Rule Jordan 1993 1998 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S Rule Jordan 1994 only - Sep Fri>=15 0:00 0 - Rule Jordan 1995 1998 - Sep Fri>=15 0:00s 0 - Rule Jordan 1999 only - Jul 1 0:00s 1:00 S Rule Jordan 1999 2002 - Sep lastFri 0:00s 0 - Rule Jordan 2000 2001 - Mar lastThu 0:00s 1:00 S Rule Jordan 2002 2012 - Mar lastThu 24:00 1:00 S Rule Jordan 2003 only - Oct 24 0:00s 0 - Rule Jordan 2004 only - Oct 15 0:00s 0 - Rule Jordan 2005 only - Sep lastFri 0:00s 0 - Rule Jordan 2006 2011 - Oct lastFri 0:00s 0 - Rule Jordan 2013 only - Dec 20 0:00 0 - Rule Jordan 2014 max - Mar lastThu 24:00 1:00 S Rule Jordan 2014 max - Oct lastFri 0:00s 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Asia/Amman 2:23:44 - LMT 1931 2:00 Jordan EE%sT # Kazakhstan # From Kazakhstan Embassy's News Bulletin No. 11 # (2005-03-21): # The Government of Kazakhstan passed a resolution March 15 abolishing # daylight saving time citing lack of economic benefits and health # complications coupled with a decrease in productivity. # # From Branislav Kojic (in Astana) via Gwillim Law (2005-06-28): # ... what happened was that the former Kazakhstan Eastern time zone # was "blended" with the Central zone. Therefore, Kazakhstan now has # two time zones, and difference between them is one hour. The zone # closer to UTC is the former Western zone (probably still called the # same), encompassing four provinces in the west: Aqtöbe, Atyraū, # Mangghystaū, and West Kazakhstan. The other zone encompasses # everything else.... I guess that would make Kazakhstan time zones # de jure UTC+5 and UTC+6 respectively. # From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-27): # Review of the linked documents from http://adilet.zan.kz/ # produced the following data for post-1991 Kazakhstan: # # 0. Act of the Cabinet of Ministers of the USSR # from 1991-02-04 No. 20 # http://pravo.gov.ru/proxy/ips/?docbody=&nd=102010545 # removed the extra hour ("decree time") on the territory of the USSR # starting with the last Sunday of March 1991. # It also allowed (but not mandated) Kazakh SSR, Kirghiz SSR, Tajik SSR, # Turkmen SSR and Uzbek SSR to not have "summer" time. # # The 1992-01-13 act also refers to the act of the Cabinet of Ministers # of the Kazakh SSR from 1991-03-20 No. 170 "About the act of the Cabinet # of Ministers of the USSR from 1991-02-04 No. 20" but I didn't found its # text. # # According to Izvestia newspaper No. 68 (23334) from 1991-03-20 # (page 6; available at http://libinfo.org/newsr/newsr2574.djvu via # http://libinfo.org/index.php?id=58564) on 1991-03-31 at 2:00 during # transition to "summer" time: # Republic of Georgia, Latvian SSR, Lithuanian SSR, SSR Moldova, # Estonian SSR; Komi ASSR; Kaliningrad oblast; Nenets autonomous okrug # were to move clocks 1 hour forward. # Kazakh SSR (excluding Uralsk oblast); Republic of Kyrgyzstan, Tajik # SSR; Andijan, Jizzakh, Namangan, Sirdarya, Tashkent, Fergana oblasts # of the Uzbek SSR were to move clocks 1 hour backwards. # Other territories were to not move clocks. # When the "summer" time would end on 1991-09-29, clocks were to be # moved 1 hour backwards on the territory of the USSR excluding # Kazakhstan, Kirghizia, Uzbekistan, Turkmenia, Tajikistan. # # Apparently there were last minute changes. Apparently Kazakh act No. 170 # was one of such changes. # # https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Декретное время # claims that Sovetskaya Rossiya newspaper on 1991-03-29 published that # Nenets autonomous okrug, Komi and Kazakhstan (excluding Uralsk oblast) # were to not move clocks and Uralsk oblast was to move clocks # forward; on 1991-09-29 Kazakhstan was to move clocks backwards. # (Probably there were changes even after that publication. There is an # article claiming that Kaliningrad oblast decided on 1991-03-29 to not # move clocks.) # # This implies that on 1991-03-31 Asia/Oral remained on +04/+05 while # the rest of Kazakhstan switched from +06/+07 to +05/06 or from +05/06 # to +04/+05. It's unclear how Qyzylorda oblast moved into the fifth # time belt. (By switching from +04/+05 to +05/+06 on 1991-09-29?) ... # # 1. Act of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Kazakhstan # from 1992-01-13 No. 28 # http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P920000028_ # (text includes modification from the 1996 act) # introduced new rules for calculation of time, mirroring Russian # 1992-01-08 act. It specified that time would be calculated # according to time belts plus extra hour ("decree time"), moved clocks # on the whole territory of Kazakhstan 1 hour forward on 1992-01-19 at # 2:00, specified DST rules. It acknowledged that Kazakhstan was # located in the fourth and the fifth time belts and specified the # border between them to be located east of Qostanay and Aktyubinsk # oblasts (notably including Turgai and Qyzylorda oblasts into the fifth # time belt). # # This means switch on 1992-01-19 at 2:00 from +04/+05 to +05/+06 for # Asia/Aqtau, Asia/Aqtobe, Asia/Oral, Atyraū and Qostanay oblasts; from # +05/+06 to +06/+07 for Asia/Almaty and Asia/Qyzylorda (and Arkalyk).... # # 2. Act of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Kazakhstan # from 1992-03-27 No. 284 # http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P920000284_ # cancels extra hour ("decree time") for Uralsk and Qyzylorda oblasts # since the last Sunday of March 1992, while keeping them in the fourth # and the fifth time belts respectively. # # 3. Order of the Prime Minister of the Republic of Kazakhstan # from 1994-09-23 No. 384 # http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/R940000384_ # cancels the extra hour ("decree time") on the territory of Mangghystaū # oblast since the last Sunday of September 1994 (saying that time on # the territory would correspond to the third time belt as a # result).... # # 4. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan # from 1996-05-08 No. 575 # http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P960000575_ # amends the 1992-01-13 act to end summer time in October instead # of September, mirroring identical Russian change from 1996-04-23 act. # # 5. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan # from 1999-03-26 No. 305 # http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P990000305_ # cancels the extra hour ("decree time") for Atyraū oblast since the # last Sunday of March 1999 while retaining the oblast in the fourth # time belt. # # This means change from +05/+06 to +04/+05.... # # 6. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan # from 2000-11-23 No. 1749 # http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/archive/docs/P000001749_/23.11.2000 # replaces the previous five documents. # # The only changes I noticed are in definition of the border between the # fourth and the fifth time belts. They account for changes in spelling # and administrative division (splitting of Turgai oblast in 1997 # probably changed time in territories incorporated into Qostanay oblast # (including Arkalyk) from +06/+07 to +05/+06) and move Qyzylorda oblast # from being in the fifth time belt and not using decree time into the # fourth time belt (no change in practice). # # 7. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan # from 2003-12-29 No. 1342 # http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P030001342_ # modified the 2000-11-23 act. No relevant changes, apparently. # # 8. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan # from 2004-07-20 No. 775 # http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/archive/docs/P040000775_/20.07.2004 # modified the 2000-11-23 act to move Qostanay and Qyzylorda oblasts into # the fifth time belt and add Aktobe oblast to the list of regions not # using extra hour ("decree time"), leaving Kazakhstan with only 2 time # zones (+04/+05 and +06/+07). The changes were to be implemented # during DST transitions in 2004 and 2005 but the acts got radically # amended before implementation happened. # # 9. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan # from 2004-09-15 No. 1059 # http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P040001059_ # modified the 2000-11-23 act to remove exceptions from the "decree time" # (leaving Kazakhstan in +05/+06 and +06/+07 zones), amended the # 2004-07-20 act to implement changes for Atyraū, West Kazakhstan, # Qostanay, Qyzylorda and Mangghystaū oblasts by not moving clocks # during the 2004 transition to "winter" time. # # This means transition from +04/+05 to +05/+06 for Atyraū oblast (no # zone currently), Asia/Oral, Asia/Aqtau and transition from +05/+06 to # +06/+07 for Qostanay oblast (Qostanay and Arkalyk, no zones currently) # and Asia/Qyzylorda on 2004-10-31 at 3:00.... # # 10. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan # from 2005-03-15 No. 231 # http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P050000231_ # removes DST provisions from the 2000-11-23 act, removes most of the # (already implemented) provisions from the 2004-07-20 and 2004-09-15 # acts, comes into effect 10 days after official publication. # The only practical effect seems to be the abolition of the summer # time. # # Unamended version of the act of the Government of the Russian Federation # No. 23 from 1992-01-08 [See 'europe' file for details]. # Kazakh 1992-01-13 act appears to provide the same rules and 1992-03-27 # act was to be enacted on the last Sunday of March 1992. # From Stepan Golosunov (2016-11-08): # Turgai reorganization should affect only southern part of Qostanay # oblast. Which should probably be separated into Asia/Arkalyk zone. # (There were also 1970, 1988 and 1990 Turgai oblast reorganizations # according to wikipedia.) # # [For Qostanay] http://www.ng.kz/gazeta/195/hranit/ # suggests that clocks were to be moved 40 minutes backwards on # 1920-01-01 to the fourth time belt. But I do not understand # how that could happen.... # # [For Atyrau and Oral] 1919 decree # (http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia-1919-02-08.html # and in Byalokoz) lists Ural river (plus 10 versts on its left bank) in # the third time belt (before 1930 this means +03). # From Alexander Konzurovski (2018-12-20): # Qyzyolrda Region (Asia/Qyzylorda) is changing its time zone from # UTC+6 to UTC+5 effective December 21st, 2018. The legal document is # located here: http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P1800000817 (russian language). # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] # # Almaty (formerly Alma-Ata), representing most locations in Kazakhstan # This includes KZ-AKM, KZ-ALA, KZ-ALM, KZ-AST, KZ-BAY, KZ-VOS, KZ-ZHA, # KZ-KAR, KZ-SEV, KZ-PAV, and KZ-YUZ. Zone Asia/Almaty 5:07:48 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Alma-Ata 5:00 - +05 1930 Jun 21 6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 2004 Oct 31 2:00s 6:00 - +06 # Qyzylorda (aka Kyzylorda, Kizilorda, Kzyl-Orda, etc.) (KZ-KZY) Zone Asia/Qyzylorda 4:21:52 - LMT 1924 May 2 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21 5:00 - +05 1981 Apr 1 5:00 1:00 +06 1981 Oct 1 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1991 Sep 29 2:00s 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 1992 Mar 29 2:00s 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 2004 Oct 31 2:00s 6:00 - +06 2018 Dec 21 0:00 5:00 - +05 # # Qostanay (aka Kostanay, Kustanay) (KZ-KUS) # The 1991/2 rules are unclear partly because of the 1997 Turgai # reorganization. Zone Asia/Qostanay 4:14:28 - LMT 1924 May 2 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21 5:00 - +05 1981 Apr 1 5:00 1:00 +06 1981 Oct 1 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 2004 Oct 31 2:00s 6:00 - +06 # Aqtöbe (aka Aktobe, formerly Aktyubinsk) (KZ-AKT) Zone Asia/Aqtobe 3:48:40 - LMT 1924 May 2 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21 5:00 - +05 1981 Apr 1 5:00 1:00 +06 1981 Oct 1 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 2004 Oct 31 2:00s 5:00 - +05 # Mangghystaū (KZ-MAN) # Aqtau was not founded until 1963, but it represents an inhabited region, # so include timestamps before 1963. Zone Asia/Aqtau 3:21:04 - LMT 1924 May 2 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21 5:00 - +05 1981 Oct 1 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1994 Sep 25 2:00s 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 2004 Oct 31 2:00s 5:00 - +05 # Atyraū (KZ-ATY) is like Mangghystaū except it switched from # +04/+05 to +05/+06 in spring 1999, not fall 1994. Zone Asia/Atyrau 3:27:44 - LMT 1924 May 2 3:00 - +03 1930 Jun 21 5:00 - +05 1981 Oct 1 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1999 Mar 28 2:00s 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 2004 Oct 31 2:00s 5:00 - +05 # West Kazakhstan (KZ-ZAP) # From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18): # The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14). Zone Asia/Oral 3:25:24 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Ural'sk 3:00 - +03 1930 Jun 21 5:00 - +05 1981 Apr 1 5:00 1:00 +06 1981 Oct 1 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1989 Mar 26 2:00s 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1992 Mar 29 2:00s 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 2004 Oct 31 2:00s 5:00 - +05 # Kyrgyzstan (Kirgizstan) # Transitions through 1991 are from Shanks & Pottenger. # From Paul Eggert (2005-08-15): # According to an article dated today in the Kyrgyzstan Development Gateway # http://eng.gateway.kg/cgi-bin/page.pl?id=1&story_name=doc9979.shtml # Kyrgyzstan is canceling the daylight saving time system. I take the article # to mean that they will leave their clocks at 6 hours ahead of UTC. # From Malik Abdugaliev (2005-09-21): # Our government cancels daylight saving time 6th of August 2005. # From 2005-08-12 our GMT-offset is +6, w/o any daylight saving. # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Kyrgyz 1992 1996 - Apr Sun>=7 0:00s 1:00 - Rule Kyrgyz 1992 1996 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - Rule Kyrgyz 1997 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:30 1:00 - Rule Kyrgyz 1997 2004 - Oct lastSun 2:30 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Asia/Bishkek 4:58:24 - LMT 1924 May 2 5:00 - +05 1930 Jun 21 6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Aug 31 2:00 5:00 Kyrgyz +05/+06 2005 Aug 12 6:00 - +06 ############################################################################### # Korea (North and South) # From Annie I. Bang (2006-07-10): # http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=200607100012 # Korea ran a daylight saving program from 1949-61 but stopped it # during the 1950-53 Korean War. The system was temporarily enforced # between 1987 and 1988 ... # From Sanghyuk Jung (2014-10-29): # https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2014-October/021830.html # According to the Korean Wikipedia # https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/한국_표준시 # [oldid=12896437 2014-09-04 08:03 UTC] # DST in Republic of Korea was as follows.... And I checked old # newspapers in Korean, all articles correspond with data in Wikipedia. # For example, the article in 1948 (Korean Language) proved that DST # started at June 1 in that year. For another example, the article in # 1988 said that DST started at 2:00 AM in that year. # From Phake Nick (2018-10-27): # 1. According to official announcement from Korean government, the DST end # date in South Korea should be # 1955-09-08 without specifying time # http://theme.archives.go.kr/next/common/viewEbook.do?singleData=N&archiveEventId=0027977557 # 1956-09-29 without specifying time # http://theme.archives.go.kr/next/common/viewEbook.do?singleData=N&archiveEventId=0027978341 # 1957-09-21 24 o'clock # http://theme.archives.go.kr/next/common/viewEbook.do?singleData=N&archiveEventId=0027979690#3 # 1958-09-20 24 o'clock # http://theme.archives.go.kr/next/common/viewEbook.do?singleData=N&archiveEventId=0027981189 # 1959-09-19 24 o'clock # http://theme.archives.go.kr/next/common/viewEbook.do?singleData=N&archiveEventId=0027982974#2 # 1960-09-17 24 o'clock # http://theme.archives.go.kr/next/common/viewEbook.do?singleData=N&archiveEventId=0028044104 # ... # 2.... https://namu.wiki/w/대한민국%20표준시 ... [says] # when Korea was using GMT+8:30 as standard time, the international # aviation/marine/meteorological industry in the country refused to # follow and continued to use GMT+9:00 for interoperability. # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule ROK 1948 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D Rule ROK 1948 only - Sep 12 24:00 0 S Rule ROK 1949 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 D Rule ROK 1949 1951 - Sep Sat>=7 24:00 0 S Rule ROK 1950 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D Rule ROK 1951 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 D Rule ROK 1955 only - May 5 0:00 1:00 D Rule ROK 1955 only - Sep 8 24:00 0 S Rule ROK 1956 only - May 20 0:00 1:00 D Rule ROK 1956 only - Sep 29 24:00 0 S Rule ROK 1957 1960 - May Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D Rule ROK 1957 1960 - Sep Sat>=17 24:00 0 S Rule ROK 1987 1988 - May Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D Rule ROK 1987 1988 - Oct Sun>=8 3:00 0 S # From Paul Eggert (2016-08-23): # The Korean Wikipedia entry gives the following sources for UT offsets: # # 1908: Official Journal Article No. 3994 (decree No. 5) # 1912: Governor-General of Korea Official Gazette Issue No. 367 # (Announcement No. 338) # 1954: Presidential Decree No. 876 (1954-03-17) # 1961: Law No. 676 (1961-08-07) # # (Another source "1987: Law No. 3919 (1986-12-31)" was in the 2014-10-30 # edition of the Korean Wikipedia entry.) # # I guessed that time zone abbreviations through 1945 followed the same # rules as discussed under Taiwan, with nominal switches from JST to KST # when the respective cities were taken over by the Allies after WWII. # # For Pyongyang, guess no changes from World War II until 2015, as we # have no information otherwise. # From Steffen Thorsen (2015-08-07): # According to many news sources, North Korea is going to change to # the 8:30 time zone on August 15, one example: # http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-33815049 # # From Paul Eggert (2015-08-15): # Bells rang out midnight (00:00) Friday as part of the celebrations. See: # Talmadge E. North Korea celebrates new time zone, 'Pyongyang Time' # http://news.yahoo.com/north-korea-celebrates-time-zone-pyongyang-time-164038128.html # There is no common English-language abbreviation for this time zone. # Use KST, as that's what we already use for 1954-1961 in ROK. # From Kang Seonghoon (2018-04-29): # North Korea will revert its time zone from UTC+8:30 (PYT; Pyongyang # Time) back to UTC+9 (KST; Korea Standard Time). # # From Seo Sanghyeon (2018-04-30): # Rodong Sinmun 2018-04-30 announced Pyongyang Time transition plan. # https://www.nknews.org/kcna/wp-content/uploads/sites/5/2018/04/rodong-2018-04-30.pdf # ... the transition date is 2018-05-05 ... Citation should be Decree # No. 2232 of April 30, 2018, of the Presidium of the Supreme People's # Assembly, as published in Rodong Sinmun. # From Tim Parenti (2018-04-29): # It appears to be the front page story at the top in the right-most column. # # From Paul Eggert (2018-05-04): # The BBC reported that the transition was from 23:30 to 24:00 today. # https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-44010705 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Asia/Seoul 8:27:52 - LMT 1908 Apr 1 8:30 - KST 1912 Jan 1 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 8 9:00 - KST 1954 Mar 21 8:30 ROK K%sT 1961 Aug 10 9:00 ROK K%sT Zone Asia/Pyongyang 8:23:00 - LMT 1908 Apr 1 8:30 - KST 1912 Jan 1 9:00 - JST 1945 Aug 24 9:00 - KST 2015 Aug 15 00:00 8:30 - KST 2018 May 4 23:30 9:00 - KST ############################################################################### # Kuwait # See Asia/Riyadh. # Laos # See Asia/Bangkok. # Lebanon # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Lebanon 1920 only - Mar 28 0:00 1:00 S Rule Lebanon 1920 only - Oct 25 0:00 0 - Rule Lebanon 1921 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S Rule Lebanon 1921 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - Rule Lebanon 1922 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S Rule Lebanon 1922 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - Rule Lebanon 1923 only - Apr 22 0:00 1:00 S Rule Lebanon 1923 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 - Rule Lebanon 1957 1961 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S Rule Lebanon 1957 1961 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - Rule Lebanon 1972 only - Jun 22 0:00 1:00 S Rule Lebanon 1972 1977 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - Rule Lebanon 1973 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S Rule Lebanon 1978 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S Rule Lebanon 1978 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - Rule Lebanon 1984 1987 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S Rule Lebanon 1984 1991 - Oct 16 0:00 0 - Rule Lebanon 1988 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S Rule Lebanon 1989 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S Rule Lebanon 1990 1992 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S Rule Lebanon 1992 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 - Rule Lebanon 1993 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S Rule Lebanon 1993 1998 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - Rule Lebanon 1999 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Asia/Beirut 2:22:00 - LMT 1880 2:00 Lebanon EE%sT # Malaysia # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Sep 14 0:00 0:20 - Rule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Dec 14 0:00 0 - # # peninsular Malaysia # taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30) # http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Asia/Kuala_Lumpur 6:46:46 - LMT 1901 Jan 1 6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun 1 # Singapore M.T. 7:00 - +07 1933 Jan 1 7:00 0:20 +0720 1936 Jan 1 7:20 - +0720 1941 Sep 1 7:30 - +0730 1942 Feb 16 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 12 7:30 - +0730 1982 Jan 1 8:00 - +08 # Sabah & Sarawak # From Paul Eggert (2014-08-12): # The data entries here are mostly from Shanks & Pottenger, but the 1942, 1945 # and 1982 transition dates are from Mok Ly Yng. # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Asia/Kuching 7:21:20 - LMT 1926 Mar 7:30 - +0730 1933 8:00 NBorneo +08/+0820 1942 Feb 16 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 12 8:00 - +08 # Maldives # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Indian/Maldives 4:54:00 - LMT 1880 # Malé 4:54:00 - MMT 1960 # Malé Mean Time 5:00 - +05 # Mongolia # Shanks & Pottenger say that Mongolia has three time zones, but # The USNO (1995-12-21) and the CIA map Standard Time Zones of the World # (2005-03) both say that it has just one. # From Oscar van Vlijmen (1999-12-11): # General Information Mongolia # (1999-09) # "Time: Mongolia has two time zones. Three westernmost provinces of # Bayan-Ölgii, Uvs, and Hovd are one hour earlier than the capital city, and # the rest of the country follows the Ulaanbaatar time, which is UTC/GMT plus # eight hours." # From Rives McDow (1999-12-13): # Mongolia discontinued the use of daylight savings time in 1999; 1998 # being the last year it was implemented. The dates of implementation I am # unsure of, but most probably it was similar to Russia, except for the time # of implementation may have been different.... # Some maps in the past have indicated that there was an additional time # zone in the eastern part of Mongolia, including the provinces of Dornod, # Sükhbaatar, and possibly Khentii. # From Paul Eggert (1999-12-15): # Naming and spelling is tricky in Mongolia. # We'll use Hovd (also spelled Chovd and Khovd) to represent the west zone; # the capital of the Hovd province is sometimes called Hovd, sometimes Dund-Us, # and sometimes Jirgalanta (with variant spellings), but the name Hovd # is good enough for our purposes. # From Rives McDow (2001-05-13): # In addition to Mongolia starting daylight savings as reported earlier # (adopted DST on 2001-04-27 02:00 local time, ending 2001-09-28), # there are three time zones. # # Provinces [at 7:00]: Bayan-Ölgii, Uvs, Khovd, Zavkhan, Govi-Altai # Provinces [at 8:00]: Khövsgöl, Bulgan, Arkhangai, Khentii, Töv, # Bayankhongor, Övörkhangai, Dundgovi, Dornogovi, Ömnögovi # Provinces [at 9:00]: Dornod, Sükhbaatar # # [The province of Selenge is omitted from the above lists.] # From Ganbold Ts., Ulaanbaatar (2004-04-17): # Daylight saving occurs at 02:00 local time last Saturday of March. # It will change back to normal at 02:00 local time last Saturday of # September.... As I remember this rule was changed in 2001. # # From Paul Eggert (2004-04-17): # For now, assume Rives McDow's informant got confused about Friday vs # Saturday, and that his 2001 dates should have 1 added to them. # From Paul Eggert (2005-07-26): # We have wildly conflicting information about Mongolia's time zones. # Bill Bonnet (2005-05-19) reports that the US Embassy in Ulaanbaatar says # there is only one time zone and that DST is observed, citing Microsoft # Windows XP as the source. Risto Nykänen (2005-05-16) reports that # travelmongolia.org says there are two time zones (UT +07, +08) with no DST. # Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-20) reports that the Mongolian Embassy in # Washington, DC says there are two time zones, with DST observed. # He also found # http://ubpost.mongolnews.mn/index.php?subaction=showcomments&id=1111634894&archive=&start_from=&ucat=1& # which also says that there is DST, and which has a comment by "Toddius" # (2005-03-31 06:05 +0700) saying "Mongolia actually has 3.5 time zones. # The West (OLGII) is +7 GMT, most of the country is ULAT is +8 GMT # and some Eastern provinces are +9 GMT but Sükhbaatar Aimag is SUHK +8.5 GMT. # The SUKH timezone is new this year, it is one of the few things the # parliament passed during the tumultuous winter session." # For now, let's ignore this information, until we have more confirmation. # From Ganbold Ts. (2007-02-26): # Parliament of Mongolia has just changed the daylight-saving rule in February. # They decided not to adopt daylight-saving time.... # http://www.mongolnews.mn/index.php?module=unuudur&sec=view&id=15742 # From Deborah Goldsmith (2008-03-30): # We received a bug report claiming that the tz database UTC offset for # Asia/Choibalsan (GMT+09:00) is incorrect, and that it should be GMT # +08:00 instead. Different sources appear to disagree with the tz # database on this, e.g.: # # https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=1026 # http://www.worldtimeserver.com/current_time_in_MN.aspx # # both say GMT+08:00. # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-31): # eznis airways, which operates several domestic flights, has a flight # schedule here: # http://www.eznis.com/Container.jsp?id=112 # (click the English flag for English) # # There it appears that flights between Choibalsan and Ulaanbaatar arrive # about 1:35 - 1:50 hours later in local clock time, no matter the # direction, while Ulaanbaatar-Khovd takes 2 hours in the Eastern # direction and 3:35 back, which indicates that Ulaanbaatar and Khovd are # in different time zones (like we know about), while Choibalsan and # Ulaanbaatar are in the same time zone (correction needed). # From Arthur David Olson (2008-05-19): # Assume that Choibalsan is indeed offset by 8:00. # XXX--in the absence of better information, assume that transition # was at the start of 2008-03-31 (the day of Steffen Thorsen's report); # this is almost surely wrong. # From Ganbold Tsagaankhuu (2015-03-10): # It seems like yesterday Mongolian Government meeting has concluded to use # daylight saving time in Mongolia.... Starting at 2:00AM of last Saturday of # March 2015, daylight saving time starts. And 00:00AM of last Saturday of # September daylight saving time ends. Source: # http://zasag.mn/news/view/8969 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Mongol 1983 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 - Rule Mongol 1983 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - # Shanks & Pottenger and IATA SSIM say 1990s switches occurred at 00:00, # but McDow says the 2001 switches occurred at 02:00. Also, IATA SSIM # (1996-09) says 1996-10-25. Go with Shanks & Pottenger through 1998. # # Shanks & Pottenger say that the Sept. 1984 through Sept. 1990 switches # in Choibalsan (more precisely, in Dornod and Sükhbaatar) took place # at 02:00 standard time, not at 00:00 local time as in the rest of # the country. That would be odd, and possibly is a result of their # correction of 02:00 (in the previous edition) not being done correctly # in the latest edition; so ignore it for now. # From Ganbold Tsagaankhuu (2017-02-09): # Mongolian Government meeting has concluded today to cancel daylight # saving time adoption in Mongolia. Source: http://zasag.mn/news/view/16192 Rule Mongol 1985 1998 - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 - Rule Mongol 1984 1998 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - # IATA SSIM (1999-09) says Mongolia no longer observes DST. Rule Mongol 2001 only - Apr lastSat 2:00 1:00 - Rule Mongol 2001 2006 - Sep lastSat 2:00 0 - Rule Mongol 2002 2006 - Mar lastSat 2:00 1:00 - Rule Mongol 2015 2016 - Mar lastSat 2:00 1:00 - Rule Mongol 2015 2016 - Sep lastSat 0:00 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] # Hovd, a.k.a. Chovd, Dund-Us, Dzhargalant, Khovd, Jirgalanta Zone Asia/Hovd 6:06:36 - LMT 1905 Aug 6:00 - +06 1978 7:00 Mongol +07/+08 # Ulaanbaatar, a.k.a. Ulan Bataar, Ulan Bator, Urga Zone Asia/Ulaanbaatar 7:07:32 - LMT 1905 Aug 7:00 - +07 1978 8:00 Mongol +08/+09 # Choibalsan, a.k.a. Bajan Tümen, Bajan Tumen, Chojbalsan, # Choybalsan, Sanbejse, Tchoibalsan Zone Asia/Choibalsan 7:38:00 - LMT 1905 Aug 7:00 - +07 1978 8:00 - +08 1983 Apr 9:00 Mongol +09/+10 2008 Mar 31 8:00 Mongol +08/+09 # Nepal # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Asia/Kathmandu 5:41:16 - LMT 1920 5:30 - +0530 1986 5:45 - +0545 # Oman # See Asia/Dubai. # Pakistan # From Rives McDow (2002-03-13): # I have been advised that Pakistan has decided to adopt dst on a # TRIAL basis for one year, starting 00:01 local time on April 7, 2002 # and ending at 00:01 local time October 6, 2002. This is what I was # told, but I believe that the actual time of change may be 00:00; the # 00:01 was to make it clear which day it was on. # From Paul Eggert (2002-03-15): # Jesper Nørgaard found this URL: # http://www.pak.gov.pk/public/news/app/app06_dec.htm # (dated 2001-12-06) which says that the Cabinet adopted a scheme "to # advance the clocks by one hour on the night between the first # Saturday and Sunday of April and revert to the original position on # 15th October each year". This agrees with McDow's 04-07 at 00:00, # but disagrees about the October transition, and makes it sound like # it's not on a trial basis. Also, the "between the first Saturday # and Sunday of April" phrase, if taken literally, means that the # transition takes place at 00:00 on the first Sunday on or after 04-02. # From Paul Eggert (2003-02-09): # DAWN reported on 2002-10-05 # that 2002 DST ended that day at midnight. Go with McDow for now. # From Steffen Thorsen (2003-03-14): # According to http://www.dawn.com/2003/03/07/top15.htm # there will be no DST in Pakistan this year: # # ISLAMABAD, March 6: Information and Media Development Minister Sheikh # Rashid Ahmed on Thursday said the cabinet had reversed a previous # decision to advance clocks by one hour in summer and put them back by # one hour in winter with the aim of saving light hours and energy. # # The minister told a news conference that the experiment had rather # shown 8 per cent higher consumption of electricity. # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-15): # # Here is an article that Pakistan plan to introduce Daylight Saving Time # on June 1, 2008 for 3 months. # # "... The federal cabinet on Wednesday announced a new conservation plan to # help reduce load shedding by approving the closure of commercial centres at # 9pm and moving clocks forward by one hour for the next three months. ...." # # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan01.html # http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2008%5C05%5C15%5Cstory_15-5-2008_pg1_4 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-05-19): # XXX--midnight transitions is a guess; 2008 only is a guess. # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2008-08-28): # Pakistan government has decided to keep the watches one-hour advanced # for another 2 months - plan to return to Standard Time on October 31 # instead of August 31. # # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan02.html # http://dailymailnews.com/200808/28/news/dmbrn03.html # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-04-08): # Based on previous media reports that "... proposed plan to # advance clocks by one hour from May 1 will cause disturbance # to the working schedules rather than bringing discipline in # official working." # http://www.thenews.com.pk/daily_detail.asp?id=171280 # # recent news that instead of May 2009 - Pakistan plan to # introduce DST from April 15, 2009 # # FYI: Associated Press Of Pakistan # April 08, 2009 # Cabinet okays proposal to advance clocks by one hour from April 15 # http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=73043&Itemid=1 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan05.html # # .... # The Federal Cabinet on Wednesday approved the proposal to # advance clocks in the country by one hour from April 15 to # conserve energy" # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-09-17): # "The News International," Pakistan reports that: "The Federal # Government has decided to restore the previous time by moving the # clocks backward by one hour from October 1. A formal announcement to # this effect will be made after the Prime Minister grants approval in # this regard." # http://www.thenews.com.pk/updates.asp?id=87168 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-28): # According to Associated Press Of Pakistan, it is confirmed that # Pakistan clocks across the country would be turned back by an hour from # October 1, 2009. # # "Clocks to go back one hour from 1 Oct" # http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=86715&Itemid=2 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan07.htm # # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-09-29): # Now they seem to have changed their mind, November 1 is the new date: # http://www.thenews.com.pk/top_story_detail.asp?Id=24742 # "The country's clocks will be reversed by one hour on November 1. # Officials of Federal Ministry for Interior told this to Geo News on # Monday." # # And more importantly, it seems that these dates will be kept every year: # "It has now been decided that clocks will be wound forward by one hour # on April 15 and reversed by an hour on November 1 every year without # obtaining prior approval, the officials added." # # We have confirmed this year's end date with both with the Ministry of # Water and Power and the Pakistan Electric Power Company: # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/pakistan-ends-dst09.html # From Christoph Göhre (2009-10-01): # [T]he German Consulate General in Karachi reported me today that Pakistan # will go back to standard time on 1st of November. # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-26): # Steffen Thorsen wrote: # > On Thursday (2010-03-25) it was announced that DST would start in # > Pakistan on 2010-04-01. # > # > Then today, the president said that they might have to revert the # > decision if it is not supported by the parliament. So at the time # > being, it seems unclear if DST will be actually observed or not - but # > April 1 could be a more likely date than April 15. # Now, it seems that the decision to not observe DST in final: # # "Govt Withdraws Plan To Advance Clocks" # http://www.apakistannews.com/govt-withdraws-plan-to-advance-clocks-172041 # # "People laud PM's announcement to end DST" # http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=99374&Itemid=2 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Pakistan 2002 only - Apr Sun>=2 0:00 1:00 S Rule Pakistan 2002 only - Oct Sun>=2 0:00 0 - Rule Pakistan 2008 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S Rule Pakistan 2008 2009 - Nov 1 0:00 0 - Rule Pakistan 2009 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 S # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Asia/Karachi 4:28:12 - LMT 1907 5:30 - +0530 1942 Sep 5:30 1:00 +0630 1945 Oct 15 5:30 - +0530 1951 Sep 30 5:00 - +05 1971 Mar 26 5:00 Pakistan PK%sT # Pakistan Time # Palestine # From Amos Shapir (1998-02-15): # # From 1917 until 1948-05-15, all of Palestine, including the parts now # known as the Gaza Strip and the West Bank, was under British rule. # Therefore the rules given for Israel for that period, apply there too... # # The Gaza Strip was under Egyptian rule between 1948-05-15 until 1967-06-05 # (except a short occupation by Israel from 1956-11 till 1957-03, but no # time zone was affected then). It was never formally annexed to Egypt, # though. # # The rest of Palestine was under Jordanian rule at that time, formally # annexed in 1950 as the West Bank (and the word "Trans" was dropped from # the country's previous name of "the Hashemite Kingdom of the # Trans-Jordan"). So the rules for Jordan for that time apply. Major # towns in that area are Nablus (Shchem), El-Halil (Hebron), Ramallah, and # East Jerusalem. # # Both areas were occupied by Israel in June 1967, but not annexed (except # for East Jerusalem). They were on Israel time since then; there might # have been a Military Governor's order about time zones, but I'm not aware # of any (such orders may have been issued semi-annually whenever summer # time was in effect, but maybe the legal aspect of time was just neglected). # # The Palestinian Authority was established in 1993, and got hold of most # towns in the West Bank and Gaza by 1995. I know that in order to # demonstrate...independence, they have been switching to # summer time and back on a different schedule than Israel's, but I don't # know when this was started, or what algorithm is used (most likely the # Jordanian one). # # To summarize, the table should probably look something like that: # # Area \ when | 1918-1947 | 1948-1967 | 1967-1995 | 1996- # ------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+----------- # Israel | Zion | Zion | Zion | Zion # West bank | Zion | Jordan | Zion | Jordan # Gaza | Zion | Egypt | Zion | Jordan # # I guess more info may be available from the PA's web page (if/when they # have one). # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): # Shanks & Pottenger write that Gaza did not observe DST until 1957, but go # with Shapir and assume that it observed DST from 1940 through 1947, # and that it used Jordanian rules starting in 1996. # We don't yet need a separate entry for the West Bank, since # the only differences between it and Gaza that we know about # occurred before our cutoff date of 1970. # However, as we get more information, we may need to add entries # for parts of the West Bank as they transitioned from Israel's rules # to Palestine's rules. # From IINS News Service - Israel - 1998-03-23 10:38:07 Israel time, # forwarded by Ephraim Silverberg: # # Despite the fact that Israel changed over to daylight savings time # last week, the PLO Authority (PA) has decided not to turn its clocks # one-hour forward at this time. As a sign of independence from Israeli rule, # the PA has decided to implement DST in April. # From Paul Eggert (1999-09-20): # Daoud Kuttab writes in Holiday havoc # http://www.jpost.com/com/Archive/22.Apr.1999/Opinion/Article-2.html # (Jerusalem Post, 1999-04-22) that # the Palestinian National Authority changed to DST on 1999-04-15. # I vaguely recall that they switch back in October (sorry, forgot the source). # For now, let's assume that the spring switch was at 24:00, # and that they switch at 0:00 on the 3rd Fridays of April and October. # From Paul Eggert (2005-11-22): # Starting 2004 transitions are from Steffen Thorsen's web site timeanddate.com. # From Steffen Thorsen (2005-11-23): # A user from Gaza reported that Gaza made the change early because of # the Ramadan. Next year Ramadan will be even earlier, so I think # there is a good chance next year's end date will be around two weeks # earlier - the same goes for Jordan. # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-08-17): # I was informed by a user in Bethlehem that in Bethlehem it started the # same day as Israel, and after checking with other users in the area, I # was informed that they started DST one day after Israel. I was not # able to find any authoritative sources at the time, nor details if # Gaza changed as well, but presumed Gaza to follow the same rules as # the West Bank. # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-09-26): # according to the Palestine News Network (2006-09-19): # http://english.pnn.ps/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=596&Itemid=5 # > The Council of Ministers announced that this year its winter schedule # > will begin early, as of midnight Thursday. It is also time to turn # > back the clocks for winter. Friday will begin an hour late this week. # I guess it is likely that next year's date will be moved as well, # because of the Ramadan. # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2007-09-18): # According to Steffen Thorsen's web site the Gaza Strip and the rest of the # Palestinian territories left DST early on 13.th. of September at 2:00. # From Paul Eggert (2007-09-20): # My understanding is that Gaza and the West Bank disagree even over when # the weekend is (Thursday+Friday versus Friday+Saturday), so I'd be a bit # surprised if they agreed about DST. But for now, assume they agree. # For lack of better information, predict that future changes will be # the 2nd Thursday of September at 02:00. # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2008-08-28): # Here is an article, that Mideast running on different clocks at Ramadan. # # Gaza Strip (as Egypt) ended DST at midnight Thursday (Aug 28, 2008), while # the West Bank will end Daylight Saving Time at midnight Sunday (Aug 31, 2008). # # http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/feedarticle/7759001 # http://www.abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory?id=5676087 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip01.html # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-26): # According to the Palestine News Network (arabic.pnn.ps), Palestinian # government decided to start Daylight Time on Thursday night March # 26 and continue until the night of 27 September 2009. # # (in Arabic) # http://arabic.pnn.ps/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=50850 # # (English translation) # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_westbank01.html # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-08-31): # Palestine's Council of Ministers announced that they will revert back to # winter time on Friday, 2009-09-04. # # One news source: # http://www.safa.ps/ara/?action=showdetail&seid=4158 # (Palestinian press agency, Arabic), # Google translate: "Decided that the Palestinian government in Ramallah # headed by Salam Fayyad, the start of work in time for the winter of # 2009, starting on Friday approved the fourth delay Sept. clock sixty # minutes per hour as of Friday morning." # # We are not sure if Gaza will do the same, last year they had a different # end date, we will keep this page updated: # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/westbank-gaza-dst-2009.html # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-02): # Seems that Gaza Strip will go back to Winter Time same date as West Bank. # # According to Palestinian Ministry Of Interior, West Bank and Gaza Strip plan # to change time back to Standard time on September 4, 2009. # # "Winter time unite the West Bank and Gaza" # (from Palestinian National Authority): # http://www.moi.gov.ps/en/?page=633167343250594025&nid=11505 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip02.html # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-19): # According to Voice of Palestine DST will last for 191 days, from March # 26, 2010 till "the last Sunday before the tenth day of Tishri # (October), each year" (October 03, 2010?) # # http://palvoice.org/forums/showthread.php?t=245697 # (in Arabic) # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_westbank03.html # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-24): # ...Ma'an News Agency reports that Hamas cabinet has decided it will # start one day later, at 12:01am. Not sure if they really mean 12:01am or # noon though: # # http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=271178 # (Ma'an News Agency) # "At 12:01am Friday, clocks in Israel and the West Bank will change to # 1:01am, while Gaza clocks will change at 12:01am Saturday morning." # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-08-11): # According to several sources, including # http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=306795 # the clocks were set back one hour at 2010-08-11 00:00:00 local time in # Gaza and the West Bank. # Some more background info: # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/westbank-gaza-end-dst-2010.html # From Steffen Thorsen (2011-08-26): # Gaza and the West Bank did go back to standard time in the beginning of # August, and will now enter daylight saving time again on 2011-08-30 # 00:00 (so two periods of DST in 2011). The pause was because of # Ramadan. # # http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=416217 # Additional info: # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/palestine-dst-2011.html # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-08-27): # According to the article in The Jerusalem Post: # "...Earlier this month, the Palestinian government in the West Bank decided to # move to standard time for 30 days, during Ramadan. The Palestinians in the # Gaza Strip accepted the change and also moved their clocks one hour back. # The Hamas government said on Saturday that it won't observe summertime after # the Muslim feast of Id al-Fitr, which begins on Tuesday..." # ... # https://www.jpost.com/MiddleEast/Article.aspx?id=235650 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip05.html # The rules for Egypt are stolen from the 'africa' file. # From Steffen Thorsen (2011-09-30): # West Bank did end Daylight Saving Time this morning/midnight (2011-09-30 # 00:00). # So West Bank and Gaza now have the same time again. # # Many sources, including: # http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=424808 # From Steffen Thorsen (2012-03-26): # Palestinian news sources tell that both Gaza and West Bank will start DST # on Friday (Thursday midnight, 2012-03-29 24:00). # Some of many sources in Arabic: # http://www.samanews.com/index.php?act=Show&id=122638 # # http://safa.ps/details/news/74352/%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B6%D9%81%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%BA%D8%B2%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9.html # # Our brief summary: # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/gaza-west-bank-dst-2012.html # From Steffen Thorsen (2013-03-26): # The following news sources tells that Palestine will "start daylight saving # time from midnight on Friday, March 29, 2013" (translated). # [These are in Arabic and are for Gaza and for Ramallah, respectively.] # http://www.samanews.com/index.php?act=Show&id=154120 # http://safa.ps/details/news/99844/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87-%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A-29-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A.html # From Steffen Thorsen (2013-09-24): # The Gaza and West Bank are ending DST Thursday at midnight # (2013-09-27 00:00:00) (one hour earlier than last year...). # This source in English, says "that winter time will go into effect # at midnight on Thursday in the West Bank and Gaza Strip": # http://english.wafa.ps/index.php?action=detail&id=23246 # official source...: # http://www.palestinecabinet.gov.ps/ar/Views/ViewDetails.aspx?pid=1252 # From Steffen Thorsen (2015-03-03): # Sources such as http://www.alquds.com/news/article/view/id/548257 # and https://www.raya.ps/ar/news/890705.html say Palestine areas will # start DST on 2015-03-28 00:00 which is one day later than expected. # # From Paul Eggert (2015-03-03): # https://www.timeanddate.com/time/change/west-bank/ramallah?year=2014 # says that the fall 2014 transition was Oct 23 at 24:00. # From Hannah Kreitem (2016-03-09): # http://www.palestinecabinet.gov.ps/WebSite/ar/ViewDetails?ID=31728 # [Google translation]: "The Council also decided to start daylight # saving in Palestine as of one o'clock on Saturday morning, # 2016-03-26, to provide the clock 60 minutes ahead." # From Sharef Mustafa (2016-10-19): # [T]he Palestinian cabinet decision (Mar 8th 2016) published on # http://www.palestinecabinet.gov.ps/WebSite/Upload/Decree/GOV_17/16032016134830.pdf # states that summer time will end on Oct 29th at 01:00. # # From Tim Parenti (2016-10-19): # Predict fall transitions on October's last Saturday at 01:00 from now on. # This is consistent with the 2016 transition as well as our spring # predictions. # # From Paul Eggert (2016-10-19): # It's also consistent with predictions in the following URLs today: # https://www.timeanddate.com/time/change/gaza-strip/gaza # https://www.timeanddate.com/time/change/west-bank/hebron # From Sharef Mustafa (2018-03-16): # Palestine summer time will start on Mar 24th 2018 by advancing the # clock by 60 minutes as per Palestinian cabinet decision published on # the official website, though the decree did not specify the exact # time of the time shift. # http://www.palestinecabinet.gov.ps/Website/AR/NDecrees/ViewFile.ashx?ID=e7a42ab7-ee23-435a-b9c8-a4f7e81f3817 # # From Paul Eggert (2018-03-16): # For 2016 on, predict spring transitions on March's fourth Saturday at 01:00. # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule EgyptAsia 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S Rule EgyptAsia 1957 1958 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - Rule EgyptAsia 1958 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S Rule EgyptAsia 1959 1967 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S Rule EgyptAsia 1959 1965 - Sep 30 3:00 0 - Rule EgyptAsia 1966 only - Oct 1 3:00 0 - Rule Palestine 1999 2005 - Apr Fri>=15 0:00 1:00 S Rule Palestine 1999 2003 - Oct Fri>=15 0:00 0 - Rule Palestine 2004 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - Rule Palestine 2005 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 - Rule Palestine 2006 2007 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S Rule Palestine 2006 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 - Rule Palestine 2007 only - Sep Thu>=8 2:00 0 - Rule Palestine 2008 2009 - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S Rule Palestine 2008 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - Rule Palestine 2009 only - Sep Fri>=1 1:00 0 - Rule Palestine 2010 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S Rule Palestine 2010 only - Aug 11 0:00 0 - Rule Palestine 2011 only - Apr 1 0:01 1:00 S Rule Palestine 2011 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 - Rule Palestine 2011 only - Aug 30 0:00 1:00 S Rule Palestine 2011 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - Rule Palestine 2012 2014 - Mar lastThu 24:00 1:00 S Rule Palestine 2012 only - Sep 21 1:00 0 - Rule Palestine 2013 only - Sep Fri>=21 0:00 0 - Rule Palestine 2014 2015 - Oct Fri>=21 0:00 0 - Rule Palestine 2015 only - Mar lastFri 24:00 1:00 S Rule Palestine 2016 max - Mar Sat>=22 1:00 1:00 S Rule Palestine 2016 max - Oct lastSat 1:00 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Asia/Gaza 2:17:52 - LMT 1900 Oct 2:00 Zion EET/EEST 1948 May 15 2:00 EgyptAsia EE%sT 1967 Jun 5 2:00 Zion I%sT 1996 2:00 Jordan EE%sT 1999 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2008 Aug 29 0:00 2:00 - EET 2008 Sep 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2010 2:00 - EET 2010 Mar 27 0:01 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2011 Aug 1 2:00 - EET 2012 2:00 Palestine EE%sT Zone Asia/Hebron 2:20:23 - LMT 1900 Oct 2:00 Zion EET/EEST 1948 May 15 2:00 EgyptAsia EE%sT 1967 Jun 5 2:00 Zion I%sT 1996 2:00 Jordan EE%sT 1999 2:00 Palestine EE%sT # Paracel Is # no information # Philippines # From Paul Eggert (2018-11-18): # The Spanish initially used American (west-of-Greenwich) time. # It is unknown what time Manila kept when the British occupied it from # 1762-10-06 through 1764-04; for now assume it kept American time. # On 1844-08-16, Narciso Clavería, governor-general of the # Philippines, issued a proclamation announcing that 1844-12-30 was to # be immediately followed by 1845-01-01; see R.H. van Gent's # History of the International Date Line # https://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/idl/idl_philippines.htm # The rest of the data entries are from Shanks & Pottenger. # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-04-26): # ... claims that Philippines had DST last time in 1990: # http://story.philippinetimes.com/p.x/ct/9/id/145be20cc6b121c0/cid/3e5bbccc730d258c/ # [a story dated 2006-04-25 by Cris Larano of Dow Jones Newswires, # but no details] # From Paul Eggert (2014-08-14): # The following source says DST may be instituted November-January and again # March-June, but this is not definite. It also says DST was last proclaimed # during the Ramos administration (1992-1998); but again, no details. # Carcamo D. PNoy urged to declare use of daylight saving time. # Philippine Star 2014-08-05 # http://www.philstar.com/headlines/2014/08/05/1354152/pnoy-urged-declare-use-daylight-saving-time # From Paul Goyette (2018-06-15): # In the Philippines, there is a national law, Republic Act No. 10535 # which declares the official time here as "Philippine Standard Time". # The act [1] even specifies use of PST as the abbreviation, although # the FAQ provided by PAGASA [2] uses the "acronym PhST to distinguish # it from the Pacific Standard Time (PST)." # [1] http://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/2013/05/15/republic-act-no-10535/ # [2] https://www1.pagasa.dost.gov.ph/index.php/astronomy/philippine-standard-time#republic-act-10535 # # From Paul Eggert (2018-06-19): # I surveyed recent news reports, and my impression is that "PST" is # more popular among reliable English-language news sources. This is # not just a measure of Google hit counts: it's also the sizes and # influence of the sources. There is no current abbreviation for DST, # so use "PDT", the usual American style. # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Phil 1936 only - Nov 1 0:00 1:00 D Rule Phil 1937 only - Feb 1 0:00 0 S Rule Phil 1954 only - Apr 12 0:00 1:00 D Rule Phil 1954 only - Jul 1 0:00 0 S Rule Phil 1978 only - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D Rule Phil 1978 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Asia/Manila -15:56:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 8:04:00 - LMT 1899 May 11 8:00 Phil P%sT 1942 May 9:00 - JST 1944 Nov 8:00 Phil P%sT # Qatar # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Asia/Qatar 3:26:08 - LMT 1920 # Al Dawhah / Doha 4:00 - +04 1972 Jun 3:00 - +03 Link Asia/Qatar Asia/Bahrain # Saudi Arabia # # From Paul Eggert (2018-08-29): # Time in Saudi Arabia and other countries in the Arabian peninsula was not # standardized until 1968 or so; we don't know exactly when, and possibly it # has never been made official. Richard P Hunt, in "Islam city yielding to # modern times", New York Times (1961-04-09), p 20, wrote that only airlines # observed standard time, and that people in Jeddah mostly observed quasi-solar # time, doing so by setting their watches at sunrise to 6 o'clock (or to 12 # o'clock for "Arab" time). # # Timekeeping differed depending on who you were and which part of Saudi # Arabia you were in. In 1969, Elias Antar wrote that although a common # practice had been to set one's watch to 12:00 (i.e., midnight) at sunset - # which meant that the time on one side of a mountain could differ greatly from # the time on the other side - many foreigners set their watches to 6pm # instead, while airlines instead used UTC +03 (except in Dhahran, where they # used UTC +04), Aramco used UTC +03 with DST, and the Trans-Arabian Pipe Line # Company used Aramco time in eastern Saudi Arabia and airline time in western. # (The American Military Aid Advisory Group used plain UTC.) Antar writes, # "A man named Higgins, so the story goes, used to run a local power # station. One day, the whole thing became too much for Higgins and he # assembled his staff and laid down the law. 'I've had enough of this,' he # shrieked. 'It is now 12 o'clock Higgins Time, and from now on this station is # going to run on Higgins Time.' And so, until last year, it did." See: # Antar E. Dinner at When? Saudi Aramco World, 1969 March/April. 2-3. # http://archive.aramcoworld.com/issue/196902/dinner.at.when.htm # Also see: Antar EN. Arabian flying is confusing. # Port Angeles (WA) Evening News. 1965-03-10. page 3. # # The TZ database cannot represent quasi-solar time; airline time is the best # we can do. The 1946 foreign air news digest of the U.S. Civil Aeronautics # Board (OCLC 42299995) reported that the "... Arabian Government, inaugurated # a weekly Dhahran-Cairo service, via the Saudi Arabian cities of Riyadh and # Jidda, on March 14, 1947". Shanks & Pottenger guessed 1950; go with the # earlier date. # # Shanks & Pottenger also state that until 1968-05-01 Saudi Arabia had two # time zones; the other zone, at UT +04, was in the far eastern part of # the country. Presumably this is documenting airline time. Ignore this, # as it's before our 1970 cutoff. # # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Asia/Riyadh 3:06:52 - LMT 1947 Mar 14 3:00 - +03 Link Asia/Riyadh Asia/Aden # Yemen Link Asia/Riyadh Asia/Kuwait # Singapore # taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30) # http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Asia/Singapore 6:55:25 - LMT 1901 Jan 1 6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun 1 # Singapore M.T. 7:00 - +07 1933 Jan 1 7:00 0:20 +0720 1936 Jan 1 7:20 - +0720 1941 Sep 1 7:30 - +0730 1942 Feb 16 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 12 7:30 - +0730 1982 Jan 1 8:00 - +08 # Spratly Is # no information # Sri Lanka # From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21): # Milne says "Madras mean time use from May 1, 1898. Prior to this Colombo # mean time, 5h. 4m. 21.9s. F., was used." But 5:04:21.9 differs considerably # from Colombo's meridian 5:19:24, so for now ignore Milne and stick with # Shanks and Pottenger. # From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03): # "Sri Lanka advances clock by an hour to avoid blackout" # (, 1996-05-24, # no longer available as of 1999-08-17) # reported "the country's standard time will be put forward by one hour at # midnight Friday (1830 GMT) 'in the light of the present power crisis'." # # From Dharmasiri Senanayake, Sri Lanka Media Minister (1996-10-24), as quoted # by Shamindra in Daily News - Hot News Section # (1996-10-26): # With effect from 12.30 a.m. on 26th October 1996 # Sri Lanka will be six (06) hours ahead of GMT. # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-04-14), quoting Sri Lanka News Online # (2006-04-13): # 0030 hrs on April 15, 2006 (midnight of April 14, 2006 +30 minutes) # at present, become 2400 hours of April 14, 2006 (midnight of April 14, 2006). # From Peter Apps and Ranga Sirila of Reuters (2006-04-12) in: # http://today.reuters.co.uk/news/newsArticle.aspx?type=scienceNews&storyID=2006-04-12T172228Z_01_COL295762_RTRIDST_0_SCIENCE-SRILANKA-TIME-DC.XML # [The Tamil Tigers] never accepted the original 1996 time change and simply # kept their clocks set five and a half hours ahead of Greenwich Mean # Time (GMT), in line with neighbor India. # From Paul Eggert (2006-04-18): # People who live in regions under Tamil control can use [TZ='Asia/Kolkata'], # as that zone has agreed with the Tamil areas since our cutoff date of 1970. # From Sadika Sumanapala (2016-10-19): # According to http://www.sltime.org (maintained by Measurement Units, # Standards & Services Department, Sri Lanka) abbreviation for Sri Lanka # standard time is SLST. # # From Paul Eggert (2016-10-18): # "SLST" seems to be reasonably recent and rarely-used outside time # zone nerd sources. I searched Google News and found three uses of # it in the International Business Times of India in February and # March of this year when discussing cricket match times, but nothing # since then (though there has been a lot of cricket) and nothing in # other English-language news sources. Our old abbreviation "LKT" is # even worse. For now, let's use a numeric abbreviation; we can # switch to "SLST" if it catches on. # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Asia/Colombo 5:19:24 - LMT 1880 5:19:32 - MMT 1906 # Moratuwa Mean Time 5:30 - +0530 1942 Jan 5 5:30 0:30 +06 1942 Sep 5:30 1:00 +0630 1945 Oct 16 2:00 5:30 - +0530 1996 May 25 0:00 6:30 - +0630 1996 Oct 26 0:30 6:00 - +06 2006 Apr 15 0:30 5:30 - +0530 # Syria # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Syria 1920 1923 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 S Rule Syria 1920 1923 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0 - Rule Syria 1962 only - Apr 29 2:00 1:00 S Rule Syria 1962 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 - Rule Syria 1963 1965 - May 1 2:00 1:00 S Rule Syria 1963 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 - Rule Syria 1964 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 - Rule Syria 1965 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 - Rule Syria 1966 only - Apr 24 2:00 1:00 S Rule Syria 1966 1976 - Oct 1 2:00 0 - Rule Syria 1967 1978 - May 1 2:00 1:00 S Rule Syria 1977 1978 - Sep 1 2:00 0 - Rule Syria 1983 1984 - Apr 9 2:00 1:00 S Rule Syria 1983 1984 - Oct 1 2:00 0 - Rule Syria 1986 only - Feb 16 2:00 1:00 S Rule Syria 1986 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 - Rule Syria 1987 only - Mar 1 2:00 1:00 S Rule Syria 1987 1988 - Oct 31 2:00 0 - Rule Syria 1988 only - Mar 15 2:00 1:00 S Rule Syria 1989 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S Rule Syria 1989 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 - Rule Syria 1990 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 S Rule Syria 1990 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 - Rule Syria 1991 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S Rule Syria 1991 1992 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - Rule Syria 1992 only - Apr 8 0:00 1:00 S Rule Syria 1993 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S Rule Syria 1993 only - Sep 25 0:00 0 - # IATA SSIM (1998-02) says 1998-04-02; # (1998-09) says 1999-03-29 and 1999-09-29; (1999-02) says 1999-04-02, # 2000-04-02, and 2001-04-02; (1999-09) says 2000-03-31 and 2001-03-31; # (2006) says 2006-03-31 and 2006-09-22; # for now ignore all these claims and go with Shanks & Pottenger, # except for the 2006-09-22 claim (which seems right for Ramadan). Rule Syria 1994 1996 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S Rule Syria 1994 2005 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - Rule Syria 1997 1998 - Mar lastMon 0:00 1:00 S Rule Syria 1999 2006 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S # From Stephen Colebourne (2006-09-18): # According to IATA data, Syria will change DST on 21st September [21:00 UTC] # this year [only].... This is probably related to Ramadan, like Egypt. Rule Syria 2006 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 - # From Paul Eggert (2007-03-29): # Today the AP reported "Syria will switch to summertime at midnight Thursday." # http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2007/03/29/africa/ME-GEN-Syria-Time-Change.php Rule Syria 2007 only - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S # From Jesper Nørgaard (2007-10-27): # The sister center ICARDA of my work CIMMYT is confirming that Syria DST will # not take place 1st November at 0:00 o'clock but 1st November at 24:00 or # rather Midnight between Thursday and Friday. This does make more sense than # having it between Wednesday and Thursday (two workdays in Syria) since the # weekend in Syria is not Saturday and Sunday, but Friday and Saturday. So now # it is implemented at midnight of the last workday before weekend... # # From Steffen Thorsen (2007-10-27): # Jesper Nørgaard Welen wrote: # # > "Winter local time in Syria will be observed at midnight of Thursday 1 # > November 2007, and the clock will be put back 1 hour." # # I found confirmation on this in this gov.sy-article (Arabic): # http://wehda.alwehda.gov.sy/_print_veiw.asp?FileName=12521710520070926111247 # # which using Google's translate tools says: # Council of Ministers also approved the commencement of work on # identifying the winter time as of Friday, 2/11/2007 where the 60th # minute delay at midnight Thursday 1/11/2007. Rule Syria 2007 only - Nov Fri>=1 0:00 0 - # From Stephen Colebourne (2008-03-17): # For everyone's info, I saw an IATA time zone change for [Syria] for # this month (March 2008) in the last day or so.... # Country Time Standard --- DST Start --- --- DST End --- DST # Name Zone Variation Time Date Time Date # Variation # Syrian Arab # Republic SY +0200 2200 03APR08 2100 30SEP08 +0300 # 2200 02APR09 2100 30SEP09 +0300 # 2200 01APR10 2100 30SEP10 +0300 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-17): # Here's a link to English-language coverage by the Syrian Arab News # Agency (SANA)... # http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2008/03/11/165173.htm # ...which reads (in part) "The Cabinet approved the suggestion of the # Ministry of Electricity to begin daylight savings time on Friday April # 4th, advancing clocks one hour ahead on midnight of Thursday April 3rd." # Since Syria is two hours east of UTC, the 2200 and 2100 transition times # shown above match up with midnight in Syria. # From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-18): # My best guess at a Syrian rule is "the Friday nearest April 1"; # coding that involves either using a "Mar Fri>=29" construct that old time zone # compilers can't handle or having multiple Rules (a la Israel). # For now, use "Apr Fri>=1", and go with IATA on a uniform Sep 30 end. # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-10-07): # Syria has now officially decided to end DST on 2008-11-01 this year, # according to the following article in the Syrian Arab News Agency (SANA). # # The article is in Arabic, and seems to tell that they will go back to # winter time on 2008-11-01 at 00:00 local daylight time (delaying/setting # clocks back 60 minutes). # # http://sana.sy/ara/2/2008/10/07/195459.htm # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-19): # Syria will start DST on 2009-03-27 00:00 this year according to many sources, # two examples: # # http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2009/03/17/217563.htm # (English, Syrian Arab News # Agency) # http://thawra.alwehda.gov.sy/_View_news2.asp?FileName=94459258720090318012209 # (Arabic, gov-site) # # We have not found any sources saying anything about when DST ends this year. # # Our summary # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/syria-dst-starts-march-27-2009.html # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-27): # The Syrian Arab News Network on 2009-09-29 reported that Syria will # revert back to winter (standard) time on midnight between Thursday # 2009-10-29 and Friday 2009-10-30: # http://www.sana.sy/ara/2/2009/09/29/247012.htm (Arabic) # From Arthur David Olson (2009-10-28): # We'll see if future DST switching times turn out to be end of the last # Thursday of the month or the start of the last Friday of the month or # something else. For now, use the start of the last Friday. # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-17): # The "Syrian News Station" reported on 2010-03-16 that the Council of # Ministers has decided that Syria will start DST on midnight Thursday # 2010-04-01: (midnight between Thursday and Friday): # http://sns.sy/sns/?path=news/read/11421 (Arabic) # From Steffen Thorsen (2012-03-26): # Today, Syria's government announced that they will start DST early on Friday # (00:00). This is a bit earlier than the past two years. # # From Syrian Arab News Agency, in Arabic: # http://www.sana.sy/ara/2/2012/03/26/408215.htm # # Our brief summary: # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/syria-dst-2012.html # From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-27): # Assume last Friday in March going forward XXX. Rule Syria 2008 only - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S Rule Syria 2008 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - Rule Syria 2009 only - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S Rule Syria 2010 2011 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S Rule Syria 2012 max - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S Rule Syria 2009 max - Oct lastFri 0:00 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Asia/Damascus 2:25:12 - LMT 1920 # Dimashq 2:00 Syria EE%sT # Tajikistan # From Shanks & Pottenger. # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Asia/Dushanbe 4:35:12 - LMT 1924 May 2 5:00 - +05 1930 Jun 21 6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 5:00 1:00 +05/+06 1991 Sep 9 2:00s 5:00 - +05 # Thailand # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Asia/Bangkok 6:42:04 - LMT 1880 6:42:04 - BMT 1920 Apr # Bangkok Mean Time 7:00 - +07 Link Asia/Bangkok Asia/Phnom_Penh # Cambodia Link Asia/Bangkok Asia/Vientiane # Laos # Turkmenistan # From Shanks & Pottenger. # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Asia/Ashgabat 3:53:32 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Ashkhabad 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2:00 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19 2:00 5:00 - +05 # United Arab Emirates # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Asia/Dubai 3:41:12 - LMT 1920 4:00 - +04 Link Asia/Dubai Asia/Muscat # Oman # Uzbekistan # Byalokoz 1919 says Uzbekistan was 4:27:53. # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Asia/Samarkand 4:27:53 - LMT 1924 May 2 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21 5:00 - +05 1981 Apr 1 5:00 1:00 +06 1981 Oct 1 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1992 5:00 - +05 # Milne says Tashkent was 4:37:10.8; round to nearest. Zone Asia/Tashkent 4:37:11 - LMT 1924 May 2 5:00 - +05 1930 Jun 21 6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 1991 Mar 31 2:00 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1992 5:00 - +05 # Vietnam # From Paul Eggert (2014-10-04): # Milne gives 7:16:56 for the meridian of Saigon in 1899, as being # used in Lower Laos, Cambodia, and Annam. But this is quite a ways # from Saigon's location. For now, ignore this and stick with Shanks # and Pottenger for LMT before 1906. # From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-18): # The English-language name of Vietnam's most populous city is "Ho Chi Minh # City"; use Ho_Chi_Minh below to avoid a name of more than 14 characters. # From Paul Eggert (2014-10-21) after a heads-up from Trần Ngọc Quân: # Trần Tiến Bình's authoritative book "Lịch Việt Nam: thế kỷ XX-XXI (1901-2100)" # (Nhà xuất bản Văn Hoá - Thông Tin, Hanoi, 2005), pp 49-50, # is quoted verbatim in: # http://www.thoigian.com.vn/?mPage=P80D01 # is translated by Brian Inglis in: # https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2014-October/021654.html # and is the basis for the information below. # # The 1906 transition was effective July 1 and standardized Indochina to # Phù Liễn Observatory, legally 104° 17' 17" east of Paris. # It's unclear whether this meant legal Paris Mean Time (00:09:21) or # the Paris Meridian (2° 20' 14.03" E); the former yields 07:06:30.1333... # and the latter 07:06:29.333... so either way it rounds to 07:06:30, # which is used below even though the modern-day Phù Liễn Observatory # is closer to 07:06:31. Abbreviate Phù Liễn Mean Time as PLMT. # # The following transitions occurred in Indochina in general (before 1954) # and in South Vietnam in particular (after 1954): # To 07:00 on 1911-05-01. # To 08:00 on 1942-12-31 at 23:00. # To 09:00 in 1945-03-14 at 23:00. # To 07:00 on 1945-09-02 in Vietnam. # To 08:00 on 1947-04-01 in French-controlled Indochina. # To 07:00 on 1955-07-01 in South Vietnam. # To 08:00 on 1959-12-31 at 23:00 in South Vietnam. # To 07:00 on 1975-06-13 in South Vietnam. # # Trần cites the following sources; it's unclear which supplied the info above. # # Hoàng Xuân Hãn: "Lịch và lịch Việt Nam". Tập san Khoa học Xã hội, # No. 9, Paris, February 1982. # # Lê Thành Lân: "Lịch và niên biểu lịch sử hai mươi thế kỷ (0001-2010)", # NXB Thống kê, Hanoi, 2000. # # Lê Thành Lân: "Lịch hai thế kỷ (1802-2010) và các lịch vĩnh cửu", # NXB Thuận Hoá, Huế, 1995. # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh 7:06:40 - LMT 1906 Jul 1 7:06:30 - PLMT 1911 May 1 # Phù Liễn MT 7:00 - +07 1942 Dec 31 23:00 8:00 - +08 1945 Mar 14 23:00 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 2 7:00 - +07 1947 Apr 1 8:00 - +08 1955 Jul 1 7:00 - +07 1959 Dec 31 23:00 8:00 - +08 1975 Jun 13 7:00 - +07 # Yemen # See Asia/Riyadh.